Nā Hōʻailona 4 He Kahi Alakaʻi Passive-Aggressive a kahi Luna

Hiki i ke kaʻi alakaʻi o nā alakaʻi o kahi ʻoihana a i ʻole nā ​​hui ʻē aʻe ke hopena i ka aniau o ka wahi hana, ka hana a ka limahana a me ka pono, ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi o nā huahana a me nā lawelawe a ka hui, a me nā wānana e kū pono ai i ka kūleʻa.

ʻO ke kaila alakaʻi kahi kūpaʻa paʻa e noʻonoʻo, ʻike a hana i kekahi mau ʻano ʻano ke hana nei i ke kūlana alakaʻi (e ʻōlelo, he alakaʻi ʻoihana, ka luna o ke kōmike o ke koleke, a i ʻole ke poʻo o ke kula). Hiki i nā kaʻi alakaʻi ke kūleʻa ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pono o ka limahana, ke kuhi hewa ʻana, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hana ʻana, ka hana hoʻomāinoino i nā wahi hana, a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā limahana a me ke koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā kaila alakaʻi i kūleʻa ʻole paha ʻo ia ka mana autiterry (a i ʻole "autocratic") a me nā alakaʻi alakaʻi laissez-faire. ʻOiai kahi kanaka me kahi ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi e alakaʻi i ke alakaʻi ʻana ma luna o nā hoʻoholo āpau me ka noi ʻole ʻana i ka manaʻo mai a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i loko o ka hui, kahi mea me kahi ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi laissez-faire e mālama i ka lawe ʻana i kahi passive ke kūlana a waiho i nā limahana e hana i kā lākou mau hoʻoholo ponoʻī a hoʻoholo a ʻike i kā lākou mau hoʻoponopono ponoʻī i nā pilikia.

ʻO kekahi o ke ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi kaulana ʻole ʻia ka kaila alakaʻi passive-agresive (a i ʻole "negativistic"). E like me nā poʻe passive-agresive i ʻoi aku ka nui, nā alakaʻi passive-agresive e hana i nā ʻano e hōʻike subtly i ko lākou mau manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole a hakakā paha. Hana lākou pēlā e pale iā lākou iho a i ʻole e hōʻino ai i kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. Akā ma muli o ko lākou kūlana kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole e like me nā ʻano o ka ʻōlelo, kahi hoa passive-agresive a hoa aloha paha nā ʻano passive-agresive a nā alakaʻi. Eia nā ʻano maʻamau ʻehā o nā alakaʻi passive-agresive.

1. ʻ Speakinglelo ma nā Codes

Loaʻa paha iā ʻoe ka manaʻo ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike maoli i ka mea a kou haku e koi ai iā ʻoe a i ʻole ke ola nei ʻoe e like me kāna i manaʻo ai? Inā ʻo kāu pane he "ʻae," no ka mea ʻo kou haku — inā ʻo ia e hoʻopilikia nei i ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me ʻoe - komo i ke kamaʻilio kūka ʻole ma ke ʻano he ala e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho a ʻeha paha iā ʻoe.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōlelo waha ʻole mai ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Ka Pūnaewele Pilikia , kahi a Mark Zuckerberg ʻōpio e wehewehe ai i kāna ipo wahine ʻo Erika - ka mea e hoʻopiʻi nei iā ia no ka hopohopo me nā Final Clubs - aia he ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pulakaumaka a me ka hoʻoikaika. Pane ʻo Erika i ka ʻōlelo sardonically, “ʻAe, aia nō.” "E ʻike, ʻōlelo ʻē ʻoe i nā code," a laila haʻi ʻo Zuckerberg ʻōpio.

Mamao loa ʻo Sarcasm mai kahi ʻano waha ʻole wale. ʻO ka mea akeakamai ʻo Paul Grice, ka mea i lilo i kaulana no kāna hana i ke kamaʻilio kūwaho, a i ʻole ʻo "implicature kamaʻilio," ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi kumumanaʻo pehea mākou e loaʻa ai i nā leka pololei mai nā mea i haʻi kikoʻī ʻia.

ʻLelo ʻoe he kalaiwa kalaka ʻoe e hoʻāʻo nei e haʻalele i ka ʻāpana Continental i ka wā o ka hau. Ma ke kelepona, nīnau aku kāu wahine iā ʻoe "Pehea ke aniau?" He mea hoʻohenehene kēia, a i ʻole hana i ka pāʻani pāʻani ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka mea āu e manaʻo ai. ʻO Irony kahi hihia paradigm o ka implicature.

I ka hihia i manaʻo ʻia, ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo ana kāu kāne e kamaʻilio e manaʻo ʻo ia ke ʻano ke anilā. Akā, ma ke koi ʻana me ka ʻoluʻolu he leʻaleʻa ke anilā, manaʻo ʻo ia e haʻi iā ʻoe i kahi ala pāʻani he weliweli ia. Wahi a Grice, maopopo iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ia e haʻi aku iā ʻoe i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o kāna e koi nei me ka maopopo, no ka mea inā e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e haʻi aku iā ʻoe he maikaʻi ke anilā ma waenakonu o ka pā hau, e wahaheʻe ʻo ia iā ʻoe. Akā ʻaʻohe ona kumu i kekahi kumu kūpono e wahaheʻe ai iā ʻoe, no laila ke kumu o kāna hoʻopiʻi kikoʻī e haʻi i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe akā e hana ana i kahi ʻano pāʻani.

ʻOiai e kamaʻilio ana ʻo Grice e pili ana i kā mākou hiki ke hoʻohana i ka "inferensi" e ʻike ai i ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi ʻōlelo, maopopo iā mākou āpau mai ka ʻike e hana ana i kahi ʻano o ka hana a ka poʻe e hoʻomākeʻaka ai. ka hana hoʻohenehene. ʻO ka pololei ʻole o ka waha ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka passive agresive, ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu iā ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i ka manaʻo i manaʻo ʻia. Ma mua o ka hana ʻole, pono ʻole ka waha ʻole o ka poʻe passive-agresive i ka unuhi a me ke koho ʻana, akā inā ʻoe e hana ana i ka mea e pono ai e hoʻāʻo e ʻike i ka leka huna, e loaʻa mau paha kahi kānalua koe e pili ana i ka mea (inā kekahi mea) ʻo ka mea passive-agresive ke hoʻāʻo nei e kamaʻilio.

Hiki i ke kuhikuhi waha ʻole i hoʻouka ʻia e nā alakaʻi passive-agresive ke kiʻi i ke ʻano o ke alo o ke alo, kahi leo o ka leo, a i ʻole ke ʻano. ʻ Saylelo aku i ka hōʻole ʻole o kou luna i kāu ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaomi ʻana i kāu peni i ka wā e hana ana, akā ma kahi o ka haʻi pololei ʻana iā ʻoe, ua kaniʻuhū pinepine ʻo ia a nānā paha iā ʻoe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻoe e ʻike ke kaomi mau nei ʻoe i kāu peni i ka wā e hana ana, haʻalele ʻole ʻia ʻoe e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāu mau hana e hoʻonāukiuki ai iā ia, a i ʻole me ke ʻano o kāna mau kaniʻuhū a me nā aniani.

2. Hoʻohui Hyper

ʻO ka hyper-conforming kahi ʻōnaehana maʻamau i hoʻonoho ʻia e nā alakaʻi passive-agrive e hōʻalo i ka lawe ʻana i ka hana - keu hoʻi i ka hana ʻoluʻolu ʻole a kūpono ʻole paha.

ʻLelo ʻoe ke lawe nei ʻoe i kahi pilikia i kou haku, e ʻōlelo nei i kahi hoʻololi maʻalahi maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono ai. Ma hope o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pilikia a me ka loli hoʻokele e hoʻoponopono pono ai iā ia, pane ka luna o kou manaʻo e kūʻē i ka hana ʻana o nā mea i ka ʻoihana.

Ke pale pinepine nei kou luna i ka hana, ʻaʻole ʻoe e kahaha i kēia pane. ʻOiai, i kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻōlelo aku ai kekahi iā ia, ʻaneʻane hōʻoia ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia me kahi pane ma nā laina o "Pēlā nō ia e hana mau ʻia ai," "ʻ saylelo maopopo nā lula ...," "E hoʻolohe, inā naʻu nō ia, ...., "" ʻAʻole wau i hana i nā lula, "a i ʻole" hiki iaʻu ke lawe i luna, akā hilinaʻi iaʻu, ʻaʻole ia e alakaʻi i nā wahi āpau. "

Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi passive-agreser i ke ʻano o kahi taktika e hōʻalo ai i ka hana, ʻo ia hoʻi. ke kaʻina hana o ka wehewehe ʻana i nā lula a i ʻole nā ​​loina o kāu wahi hana ma mua o ke kahea o kēia kūlana.

3. Ke hala nei i ka Buck

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano hana e hilinaʻi ai nā alakaʻi passive-agresist e hōʻalo i ka hana ʻana. ʻO kahi hana ʻē aʻe e hāʻawi i ka Buck i kahi mea ʻē aʻe ke lawe ʻia nā pilikia iā ia. E ʻalo paha ʻo ia i kēia mau pilikia, e ʻōlelo ana i nā mea e like me “ʻAʻole kēia kaʻu puaa,” “ʻAʻole kaʻu hana kēlā. E kamaʻilio me HR, "" Pīpī wau i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kēia i kēia manawa, akā ke hiki ..., "a i ʻole" ʻIke ʻoe i ke aha? E kamaʻilio ʻoe me Alice. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka pilikia like i ka makahiki i hala.

Ke hāʻawi pinepine aku kekahi kanaka i kahi alakaʻi i kahi mea ʻē aʻe, he hōʻailona ʻaneʻane loa kēia he ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi passive-agresive kāna.

ʻO kahi ala ʻē aʻe e hiki ai i ka hōʻalo hana ke hōʻike i nā alakaʻi passive-agresive i ke ʻano o ke kūpaʻa loa ʻana i ka loli a me ka hōʻole ʻana e pili ana iā ia. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana a kekahi limahana ukiuki: Ua lawe ʻo ia i ʻelua mau lā e hōʻole i kona kūʻē ʻana i ka loli ”(Terkel, 1974).

4. ʻO Scapegoating

ʻO ka hā o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā alakaʻi passive-agresive kahi ʻano e hōʻalo i ka ʻae ʻana i kā lākou lawehala, ʻoiai ke maopopo i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he kuleana lākou no ka hana hewa ʻana.

ʻ Saylelo aku i kou haku hana hewa nui e hōʻike hewa loa ai iā ia inā ʻae ʻo ia i ke kuleana. Ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i ka hewa a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻoponopono i kēia kūlana, ua haʻi ʻo ia i kona haku ponoʻī i kāna uku hou loa i koi aku ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hana akā ʻaʻole naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ia i hana nui ʻole.

Ke haʻalele ʻia kāu hoa hana i kekahi mau lā ma hope aku, ʻike ʻoe no ka mea ua scapego kou haku iā ia. He mea maopopo i ka mea e hana ana ma lalo ona. Akā ʻaʻohe ou mea e pono ai e hōʻoia iā ia i ka poʻe kiʻekiʻe aʻe i ka hui.

Ma aneʻi, e hōʻalo ʻino ʻia ka kuleana, ka ʻāhewa a me ka hoʻopaʻi ma o ka hana ʻana i kekahi i ka hāʻule no ka hewa o ka alakaʻi passive-agresive. Akā e hōʻalo paha nā alakaʻi passive-agresive i ka lawe ʻana i ke kuleana e ka "hōʻino ʻana" i nā mea ola ʻole e like me nā mea paʻi a i ʻole ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai, a i ʻole ma ka haku ʻana i nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kahi ulia pōpilikia ʻohana. Inā like kēia me kou haku, he hōʻailona ikaika kēlā e loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano alakaʻi alakaʻi passive-agresive.

Johnson, Nora J. & Klee, Thomas, (2007). "Nā Hana Passive-Aggressive a me nā ʻano alakaʻi i nā hui" Ka Nūpepa o ke alakaʻi a me nā aʻo ʻana o nā ʻoihana, 14, 2, pp. 130-142.

Millon, ʻO Theordore. (1993) "Negativistic (Passive-Aggressive) ʻano maʻi pilikino." Ka Nupepa o nā maʻi pilikino 7, 1: 78-85.

Terkel, S. (1974). Ke hana nei. Nu Ioka: Avon.