4 mau ala e lilo i mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi aʻe no ka ʻike pūnaewele

Anter

• Nā kiko kī
• 1. E kānalua
• 2. Lohi i lalo
• 3. Wehe i nā kūʻiʻo mai ka manaʻo
• 4. Kūpaʻa i nā ʻaslelo Hoʻopau

Nā kiko kī

• Aia nā ʻike hewa a me ka ʻike hewa ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao me ka ʻike pono i ka pūnaewele, akā he kakaikahi wale nō ka mea e wehewehe ai i waena o lākou.
• ʻO nā kumumanaʻo no ka lilo ʻana i mea kūʻai aku ʻoi aku o ka ʻike pūnaewele me ka hoʻolohi a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei ʻaʻole paha he ʻoiaʻiʻo.
• Hiki i nā kānaka ke aʻo e haʻi i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā nūhou pahuhopu a me nā manaʻo kumumanaʻo, a lilo i makaʻala i ka hōʻoia hōʻoia.

Ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki i ka wā pūnaewele, lawe mākou ia mea no ka mea, me ka hanauna holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole pono e kali no ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka nūhou o kēlā me kēia kakahiaka i ko lākou puka puka a ʻaʻole pono e hele i ka hale waihona puke kūloko e nānā i nā puke. kahi hāʻawi kula. Heʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ola nei mākou i kēia ao kahi mākou e leʻaleʻa ai i ka loaʻa manawa maoli i ka ʻike mai nā wahi a puni o ka honua ma ka paʻi o ke pihi ma ke ʻano a mākou i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua i ka moʻaukala kanaka.

Akā ʻo ka ʻaoʻao pouli i ka pūnaewele ʻo ia ka ʻike hewa a me ka disinformation e kū pono nei me ka ʻike pili pono a aʻo ʻia kekahi o mākou i ka wehewehe ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. A ma muli o kā mākou makemake "kaomi", hanai ka pūnaewele me ka mana iā mākou i ka mea a mākou e manaʻo ai e ʻike i hiki ai iā mākou ke loaʻa nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa āpau o ka honua ma mua o ko mākou mau hoanoho puka ʻē aʻe me nā manaʻo ideological ʻokoʻa. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻike pūnaewele e holo nei i kahi makaʻu maoli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻike kumuhana ma mua o ke aʻo ʻana iā mākou i ka ʻike noʻeau, e kūʻē nui ana i nā mea kikoʻī a me ka hiki ʻole ke hana i ke kamaʻilio kūkākūkā me nā mea e paʻa ana nā manaʻo kūʻē.

Ua noi ʻia mai wau e hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā keiki e ʻike a hana me ka ʻike hewa ma o ka pūnaewele. Akā ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi e hiki paha i ka poʻe ʻelemakule ke kaʻana like i ka hewa ma mua o nā keiki, no laila e pōmaikaʻi ka poʻe o nā makahiki āpau i kēia ʻano aʻo. Eia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻehā e hoʻolilo iā mākou a pau i mea kūʻai aku i ka ʻike ma ka pūnaewele.

1. E kānalua

Hiki ke paʻakikī ke haʻi aku i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻike pono a me ka ʻike hewa ma ka pūnaewele. Ke ʻimi nei i ka ʻike ma ka pūnaewele, e makaʻala mau i ka mea a mākou i ʻike ai he hewa paha.

He mea ʻoiaʻiʻo loa ia ma ka pāpili kaiaulu kahi e holo wikiwiki ai a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻike maoli. Hōʻoia i ka ʻike ma ka nānā ʻana inā ua hōʻike ʻia e nā kumuwaiwai he nui. E hōʻoia ma mua, a laila kaʻana - pale i ka makemake e kaʻana like koke i kahi mea hou a hoʻonāukiuki ma mua o kou hoʻolilo ʻana i kekahi manawa i ka nānā ʻana iā ia.

2. Lohi i lalo

Hoʻohana pinepine mākou i ka pūnaewele e loaʻa nā pane wikiwiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā nīnau āpau ke pane wikiwiki a maʻalahi ʻia paha. Nui nā pilikia "pihi wela" paʻakikī, me nā ʻano kūʻē kūʻē a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e moe paha ma waena a ʻaʻole paha.

Ke lilo nei i mea kūʻai aku maikaʻi i ka ʻike pūnaewele e koi mākou e lohi a heluhelu i ka ʻatikala maoli ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa hopu. Ke hana ʻoe i kēlā, e ʻimi i nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe ma ke kumuhana like. Hiki iā mākou ke hilinaʻi nui aʻe i ka ʻike i kaʻana like ʻia ma nā ʻatikala like ʻole. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā wahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ke kōkua iā mākou e ʻike i ka ʻike hewa a i ʻole nā ​​mea o ka manaʻo, i kū ʻole i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia.

3. Wehe i nā kūʻiʻo mai ka manaʻo

Hoʻomaopopo i ka misinformation a me ka mea i kuhi ʻia o ka disinformation he ʻoihana nui - nui ka poʻe ma laila e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻohuli i ko mākou manaʻo no kā lākou pono ponoʻī.

E aʻo pehea e ʻike ai i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā nūhou pahuhopu a me nā manaʻo kumumanaʻo a aʻo pehea e ʻike ai i nā kumuwaiwai media ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi a i ʻole he "hema" a "ʻākau" kālaiʻike politika. E heluhelu i nā kumuwaiwai hilinaʻi o ka ʻike i loko o ka pae politika e loaʻa ai ke kuanaʻike i kekahi kumuhana.

4. Kūpaʻa i nā ʻaslelo Hoʻopau

Kūleʻa mākou e ʻimi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka "bias hōʻoia" - kaomi ʻana a kaʻana like ʻana i nā mea e kākoʻo ana i nā mea a mākou i manaʻoʻiʻo ai a hōʻole nei hoʻi i nā mea hōʻaia. Hoʻolālā pū ʻia ka pūnaewele e hōʻike iā mākou i ka mea a mākou e makemake ai e ʻike, i ka wā e nānā ai mākou i ka ʻike ma ka pūnaewele, hiki iā mākou ke ʻano o ka "hōʻoia hōʻoia ma nā steroid."

Ke mālama nei i kahi ʻano skeptical e hoʻolilo iā mākou i mea kūʻai aku ʻoi aku o ka ʻike pūnaewele, akā ʻaʻole inā kānalua wale mākou e pili ana i nā mea a mākou makemake ʻole a ʻae ʻole ai paha. ʻAʻole like ka skepticism olakino me ka hōʻole ʻana - mai hōʻole i ka ʻike a i ʻole kapa ʻia ia "nūhou" no ka mea kūʻē ia i ka mea āu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai.

E heluhelu hou aʻe e pili ana i ka psychology o ka misinformation:

• Nā Nūhou, Nā Keʻena Echo & Nā Bubble Filter: Kahi alakaʻi ola
• Psychology, Gullibility, a me ka ʻoihana o Nūhou Nūhou
• ʻO ka make ʻana o nā ʻoiaʻiʻo: The Emperor's New Epistemology