Hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻike ma Ultraviolet?

Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hiki i kāu ʻīlio ke ʻike i nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e ʻoe.

Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke ʻano nui o ka maka o ka ʻīlio e like loa me ka maka o ke kanaka. No kēlā kumu loaʻa mākou i ka kuhi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻīlio e like me kēlā i loko o nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe ke holomua nei ka ʻepekema a ke aʻo nei mākou ʻaʻole ʻike mau nā ʻīlio a me nā kānaka i ka mea like a ʻaʻohe o lākou mau ʻike ʻike like. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoiai he mau ʻikena kala ko nā ʻīlio (kaomi ma aneʻi no nā mea hou aʻe e pili ana i kēlā) ʻoi loa ka palena o kā lākou kala i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kānaka. ʻImi nā ʻīlio i ka honua i nā aka melemele, polū, a hina a hiki ʻole ke hoʻokae i waena o nā kala a mākou e ʻike ai he ʻulaʻula a me ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Loaʻa i nā kānaka he acuity ʻike maikaʻi, a hiki ke hoʻokae i nā kikoʻī i hiki ʻole i nā ʻīlio (kaomi ma aneʻi ke heluhelu hou e pili ana i kēlā).

Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohuli, hana nui ka maka o ka ʻīlio no ka hihi o ka pō a hiki i nā canine ke ʻike i nā mea hou aʻe ma lalo o ke kukui uila ma mua o kā mākou kanaka. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā ʻīlio ke ʻike i ka neʻe ma mua o ka poʻe. Eia naʻe kahi noiʻi i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka Nā hana o ka Royal Society B * kuhi e ʻike paha nā ʻīlio i ka laulā o ka ʻike ʻike i hiki ʻole i nā kānaka.

ʻO Ronald Douglas, he polofesa o ka biology ma City University London a me Glenn Jeffrey, he polofesa neuroscience ma University College London, ua hoihoi e ʻike inā paha e ʻike nā mea hānai i ka mālamalama ultraviolet. Ana ʻia nā lōʻihi o ka nalu o nā kukui i ʻike ʻia i nā nanometers (kahi nanometer hoʻokahi miliona o hoʻokahi tausani o ka mika). ʻO nā lōʻihi o ka nalu lōʻihi, ma kahi o 700 nm, ʻike ʻia e nā kānaka he ʻulaʻula, a ʻo nā nalu lōʻihi pōkole, ma kahi o 400 nm, i ʻike ʻia he uliuli a i ʻole viola. ʻO nā nalu o ke kukui i ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o 400 nm ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā kānaka maʻamau, a ua kapa ʻia ke kukui i kēia pae ʻo ultraviolet.

Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia hiki i kekahi mau holoholona, ​​e like me nā kolo, nā iʻa, a me nā manu, ke ʻike i ka ultraviolet. No nā nalo meli kēia hiki a koʻikoʻi. Ke nānā ke kanaka i kekahi mau pua hiki paha iā lākou ke ʻike i kahi mea like ke kala like, akā nui nā ʻano o nā pua i hoʻololi i ko lākou kala ʻana ke nānā ʻia me ke ʻano ultraviolet ke kikowaena o ka pua (kahi i loaʻa ka pollen a me ka nectar) kahi mākaʻikaʻi hikiwawe. hana maʻalahi ʻana i ka pi e loaʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia ma kēia kiʻi.

I ke kanaka he aniani melemele ka maka i loko o ka maka e kānana i ke kukui ultraviolet. Ua manaʻo ka pūʻulu noiʻi Pelekane ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ʻano mammals ʻē aʻe ke ʻano melemele i ko lākou mau maka a no laila e makaʻala i ka kukui ultraviolet. ʻO ia ka hihia i hōʻike ʻia i ka loli i kā lākou ʻike i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka aniani o ko lākou maka. Me ka hemo ʻana o ka maka aniani melemele e hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke ʻike i ka laulā ultraviolet. ʻO kahi laʻana, manaʻo kekahi poʻe loea ma muli o ia ʻano hana cataract i hoʻomaka ai ka mea pena ʻo Monet e pena i nā pua me ka ʻalani polū.

I ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa he laulā o nā holoholona e laʻa me: ʻīlio, pōpoki, ʻiole, reindeer, ferrets, puaʻa, hedgehogs a me nā mea like ʻē aʻe he nui. Ua ana ʻia ka mōakāka o nā ʻāpana aniani o ko lākou mau maka a ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻae kekahi o kēia mau ʻano i ke kukui ultraviolet maikaʻi i ko lākou mau maka. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka maka o ka ʻīlio ua ʻike lākou ua ʻae ʻia ma luna o 61% o ke kukui UV e hele ma waena a hiki i nā mea loaʻa photosensitive i ka retina. Hoʻohālikelike i kēia i nā kānaka kahi kokoke i kahi kukui UV e komo ai. Me kēia ʻikepili hou hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo pehea e ʻike ai ka ʻīlio i kahi pae ʻike (e like me ke ānuenue) ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi kanaka a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēia kiʻi.

ʻO ka nīnau maopopo e nīnau ai he aha nā pōmaikaʻi i loaʻa i ka ʻīlio mai kona hiki ke ʻike i ka ultraviolet. Loaʻa paha iā ia kahi mea e hana ai me ka maka i hoʻololi ʻia i mea e ʻike ai ka pō maikaʻi, no ka mea, ke ʻike ʻia kēlā mau ʻano i ka hapa nui o ka pō i loaʻa i nā aniani i hiki ke lawe i nā ultraviolet, ʻoiai ka poʻe i hana nui i ke ao. . Eia nō naʻe ia ka hihia i hiki ke hana ʻia kekahi ʻano o ka ʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike ultraviolet. ʻO nā mea e ʻae i ka ultraviolet a i ʻole hōʻike ia ʻokoʻa e lilo i mea ʻike ʻia. ʻO kahi laʻana i loko o kēia kiʻi he kanaka mākou a mākou i pena ai i kahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohana ana i ka ʻili lola (nā mea e pale ana i ka ultraviolet). ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, akā ke nānā ʻia i ke kukui ultraviolet e akāka loa ia.

I ke kūlohelohe aia kekahi mau mea nui i ʻike ʻia inā ʻike ʻoe i ka ultraviolet. ʻO ka hoihoi i nā ʻīlio ka mea i ʻike ʻia nā ala mimi i ultraviolet. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka mimi e nā ʻīlio e aʻo i kekahi mea e pili ana i nā ʻīlio ʻē aʻe i ko lākou kaiapuni, pono paha ia e ʻike maʻalahi i nā pāʻina o ia. Kōkua paha kēia i nā ʻīlio hihiu e like me ke ʻano o ka ʻike ʻana a me ke kiʻi ʻana i nā mea pio.

I kekahi mau wahi kikoʻī e ʻike i ka ultraviolet ʻāpana o ka laulaha hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pōmaikaʻi i kahi holoholona e huli i mea e ola ai, e like me nā kūpuna o kā mākou ʻīlio. E noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻi ma lalo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kala keʻokeʻo o kahi hare arctic e hāʻawi i nā camouflage maikaʻi a paʻakikī i ka holoholona e ʻike kūʻē i kahi pae hau. Eia nō naʻe ʻaʻole maikaʻi kēlā camouflage ke hoʻohana ʻia e kūʻē i kahi holoholona me nā mana ʻike ultraviolet. ʻO kēia no ka mea e hōʻike ka hau i ka nui o nā kukui ultraviolet ʻoiai ʻaʻole e hōʻike ka hulu keʻokeʻo i nā kukuna UV. Pēlā i ka maka maka maka o UV ke nānā aku ka maʻalahi o ka hare arctic i kēia manawa mai ka mea ke nānā aku me he mea lā he ʻano malu ia, ma mua o ke keʻokeʻo i ke keʻokeʻo, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka simulation ma lalo.

Inā hāʻawi ka ʻike maka i ka ultraviolet i kekahi mau mea maikaʻi i ka holoholona e like me ka ʻīlio, a laila paha ʻo ka nīnau a mākou e nīnau ai ke kumu o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kanaka, ʻaʻole e pōmaikaʻi pū ʻia me ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa i nā kukui ultraviolet. ʻO ka pane e like me ka mea i loaʻa mau i nā kālepa ma ka hihi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke maka maka makaʻala i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ke kukui, e like me ka maka o ka ʻīlio, akā hiki mai kēlā ʻike i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ia nā nalu nalu pōkole o ke kukui (nā mea a mākou e ʻike ai he uliuli, a ʻoi aku, ʻo kēlā mau nalu pōkole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a mākou e kapa aku ai he ultraviolet) ka mea e hoʻopuehu liʻiliʻi loa ke komo lākou i ka maka. Hoʻohaʻahaʻa kēia lūlū kukui i ke kiʻi a hana i blurry i hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī. No laila nā ʻīlio i ulu aʻe mai nā poʻe ʻimi i ke ao i ka hiki ke hoʻomau i ko lākou hiki ke ʻike i nā kukui ultraviolet no ka mea pono lākou i kēlā ʻike ke loaʻa kahi kukui liʻiliʻi a puni. ʻO nā holoholona e hana nei i ke ao, e like me mākou nā kānaka, kaukaʻi nui aʻe i kā mākou ʻike maka e hana pono me ka honua. No laila he maka ko mākou e nānā nei i ka ultraviolet i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ko mākou hiki ke ʻike i nā kikoʻī ʻike nani.

Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka noiʻi mua e pili ana i kēia hiʻohiʻona o ka hihiʻo canine a me nā hopena i kahaha i ka hapa nui o mākou i manaʻo ʻole e loaʻa paha i nā ʻīlio kēia ʻano hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻike maka. ʻIke hou e pono ai kahi noiʻi hou e hoʻoholo pehea e pono ai nā ʻīlio mai kēia hiki. Ke kānalua nei wau he hoʻomohala hoʻomohala ia e ʻae wale ai i nā ʻīlio e mahalo nui i nā pelaha psychedelic i lilo i mea kaulana i nā makahiki 1970 - ʻike ʻoe i kēlā mau pēlaha i hana ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā inika i hana ʻia ma lalo o kahi "kukui ʻeleʻele" a i ʻole kumu kukui ultraviolet. . Akā ma o ka noiʻi ʻana e hiki mai ana e ʻike maopopo ai mākou.

ʻO Stanley Coren ʻo ia ka mea kākau o nā puke he nui e like me: Gods, Ghosts and Black Dogs; Ka Naauao o na Ilio; Moemoeā paha nā ʻīlio? Hānau iā Bark; Ka ʻīlio hou; No ke aha e loaʻa ai nā ʻīlio i nā ihu pulu? Nā Pawprints o ka Mōʻaukala; Pehea nā ʻīlio e noʻonoʻo ai; Pehea e ʻōlelo ai i ka ʻīlio; No ke aha mākou e aloha ai i nā ʻīlio a mākou e hana ai; He aha ka ʻike a nā ʻīlio? Ke Akamai o nā ʻīlio; No ke aha e hana ai kaʻu ʻīlio i kēlā ala? Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻīlio no Dummies; Nā ʻaihue hiamoe; ʻO ka Syndrome hema

Kuleana kope SC Psychological Enterprises Ltd. ʻAʻole hiki ke paʻi hou ʻia a kope ʻia paha me ka ʻae ʻole

* ʻIkepili mai: R. H. Douglas, G. Jeffery (2014). Hoʻolaha ka mea kākau spectral transmitter o ka pāpāho ocular i ka ʻike ultraviolet i hoʻolaha ākea ma waena o nā mea momona. Nā hana o ka Royal Society B, ʻApelila, puke 281, puka 1780.