Hiki i ka Overindulgence Childhood ke alakaʻi i ke kōkua ʻole

Anter

• He aha ka mea i aʻo ʻia me ke kōkua ʻole?
• Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻomohala i ke kōkua ʻole?
• Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Overindulgence Childhood i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kōkua?

I ka hala ʻana o kanaono mau makahiki, e hana ana ʻo Martin Seligman lāua ʻo Steven Maier i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻīlio a me ka pakele ma ke Kulanui o Pennsylvania. Kamaʻilio pū ʻia kēia a me ka moʻokāki.

Seligman: ’ Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i kēlā? ’

Maier: ’ He aha?"

Seligman: ’ Hāʻawi wale ka ʻīlio. Kuʻu wale. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hoʻāʻo e pakele ʻoiai ua pūʻiwa mau ʻo ia i kekahi manawa. Me he mea lā ua aʻo ʻo ia e lilo i mea kōkua ʻole .’

Maier: ’ ʻAʻole wau e kuhi aku i kēlā! Pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i ke kumu o kēlā hana. Aʻoaʻo i ka kōkua ʻole. Hoihoi loa kēlā. "

Seligman: "Manaʻo wau ua hina mākou i luna i kekahi mea i loaʻa ka manaʻo nui loa."

Maier: "ʻAe. He mea nui paha ia e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o Pavlov i kāna ʻīlio

Seligman: "ʻAʻole wau maopopo e pili ana i kēlā, akā makemake wau i kāu hana i ka psychology maikaʻi."

He aha ka mea i aʻo ʻia me ke kōkua ʻole?

Ua ʻike ʻo Martin Seligman lāua ʻo Steven Maier i ke ʻano psychological o ke kōkua ʻole i aʻo ʻia i nā makahiki 1960 ke hana nei lākou i ka noiʻi no nā ʻīlio. Hoʻonoho lākou i nā ʻīlio i loko o kahi pahu hakahaka me nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi pā pōkole i lawa iki no ka lele ʻana o kahi ʻīlio. Ua hāʻawi kaulike ʻia nā ʻīlio i kekahi o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻelua. ʻAʻole komo nā ʻīlio i ke kūlana mua i ka pale kāohi. Ua aʻo koke lākou e lele i luna o ka pā e pakele i ka uila uila. ʻO nā ʻīlio i ke kūlana ʻelua ua ʻaʻahu i ka pale kaua e pale ai iā lākou mai ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka pā e pakele ai i ka uila uila. Ma hope o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo nā ʻīlio i ke kūlana ʻelua e pakele i ka haʻalulu uila ʻoiai ʻaʻole kaohi ʻia a hiki ke pakele. Ua aʻo lākou e lilo i mea kōkua ʻole.

’ʻIke kahi kōkua ʻole ke hele mau kekahi i kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, kaohi ʻole ʻia a kū i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻololi i ko lākou kūlana, ʻoiai ke hiki iā lākou ke hana pēlā."Psychology i kēia lā

Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻomohala i ke kōkua ʻole?

ʻO kahi loiloi o ka noiʻi ʻike kōkua ʻole i aʻo ʻia i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua kāohi ʻia me nā holoholona e like me nā ʻīlio, nā ʻiole, a me nā ʻiole ʻaʻole ia e unuhi i nā kānaka i ka honua maoli. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, he aha ka pane maʻalahi i ka nīnau, "Hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻomohala i ka kōkua ʻole?" Ae.

I nā kānaka, pili ka kōkua ʻole i aʻo ʻia me ke kaumaha i nā mākua, kaumaha a me nā haʻahaʻa i loaʻa i nā keiki, ka hopohopo, a me ka maʻi koʻikoʻi post-traumatic.

Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Overindulgence Childhood i ke aʻo ʻana i ke kōkua?

ʻEkolu mau ʻano o ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka wā kamaliʻi; Nui loa, Kahi Paheʻe, a me Overnurture. Manaʻo wau i ka wā e hānai nui ai nā mākua i kā lākou keiki ma ka hana ʻana i nā mea na lākou e pono ai lākou e hana no lākou iho ʻaihue nā mākua i kā lākou keiki i nā mākau, a ma ke ʻano, hana kēia mau mākua i kahi ʻano o ka ʻike ʻole i kā lākou mau keiki. Lilo nā keiki i hānai nui ʻia i mea kōkua ʻole. Ke ulu nei lākou i ka nele i nā mākau e pono ai e hana i nā mākua. Kōkua kōkua Hoʻopili. A i kekahi mau kūlana; manaʻo hopohopo ʻole.

ʻO kekahi o nā ala a nā mākua e aʻo ai i ka nele i ke koi ʻole ʻana i kā lākou keiki e hana i nā hana. Akā, hana nā mākua i nā hana āpau a me ka hana nui no kā lākou keiki. ʻAʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o nā keiki he mea nui ia no kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻohana e hāʻawi i ka pono o ka ʻohana.

ʻO ke kumuhana o kaʻu mau pou e hiki mai ana ma nā hana a me nā keiki.

• "Nā hana a Zero i ka wā o ka maʻi pandemi e hoʻopuehu ai i kāu mau keiki!"
• "Maikaʻi paha kāu mau keiki e hana i nā hana"
• "He papa kuhikuhi no ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpio kōkua ʻole"

Aloha Hawaii. Hana i nā mea āpau me ke aloha, ka lokomaikaʻi, a me ka mahalo.

© 2021 David J. Bredehoft

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Miller, W.R., & Seligman, E.P. (1976). Ua aʻo i ka kōkua ʻole, ke kaumaha a me ka ʻike o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana. ʻO ka noiʻi a me ka Therapy behavioral. 14(1): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(76)90039-5

Maier, S. F. (1993). Aʻo ʻia ka kōkua ʻole: Ka pilina me ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo. Ma S. C. Stanford & P. ​​Salmon (Eds.), Kaumaha: Mai ka synapse i ka maʻi maʻi (p. 207-243). Nūhou Pilikino.

ʻO Bargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G. & Shalev, A.Y. (2007). ʻO ka maʻi ahuwale Posttraumatic a me ke kaumaha i nā wahine i hahau ʻia: ka hana waena o ka kōkua ʻole i aʻo ʻia. Ka Nupepa o ka hana ʻino ʻohana. 22, 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9078-y

Aloha, H., Cui, M., Hong, P., & McWey, L. M.(50) Ka Nupepa Haʻawina ʻohana. MEI: 10.1080 / 13229400.2020.1794932

Bredehoft, D. J., Mennicke, S. A., Potter, A. M., & Clarke, J. I. (1998). ʻO nā manaʻo i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mākua i ka nui o ka makua ma ka wā kamaliʻi. Pai no ka ʻohana a me ka ʻepekema hoʻonaʻauao. 16(2), 3-17.