Hiki ke lawe i kahi hana kaumaha ma ka hana ʻana

Hōʻike ka noiʻi hou i ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻano maikaʻi a me ka hopohopo nui me ka hana ʻana i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi e kōkua i ka holomua i kāu ʻoihana i hope. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohiwahiwa, nā limahana ʻoiaʻiʻo he "mea hana hohonu" a nā mea e mahi i nā pilina maoli me nā hoa hana e kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi a ʻike i nā loaʻa kālā ʻoi loa o ka waiwai kaiaulu.

Hōʻike kēia mau mea i loaʻa (Gabriel et al., 2019) i nā "mea hana keaka" like ʻole e noho ana i ka moto "Fake it until you make it"

ʻO kēia noiʻi "hana naʻau" na Allison Gabriel o ke Kulanui o ʻAlikona a me nā hoa hana i ʻekolu mau haʻawina kōkua i noiʻi ʻia ma mua o 2,500 e hana ana i nā mākua mai nā ʻoihana e like me ka ʻike, ʻenehana, nā lawelawe kālā, a me ka hana ʻana. Ua paʻi ʻia nā mea i loaʻa ma ka pūnaewele ma mua o ka paʻi ma Kēkēmapa 2 i ka Ka Nūpepa o Psychology Applied . (Ma waho aʻe o Gabriel, ʻo nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe o kēia pepa ʻo Joel Koopman o ke Kulanui A&M o Texas, ʻo Christopher Rosen o ke Kulanui o Arkansas, a ʻo John Arnold lāua ʻo Wayne Hochwarter o ke Kulanui o Florida State.)

Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kalaiwa nuanced o ka rula o ka naʻau i ka wahi hana, ua hoʻopili ka pūʻulu noiʻi i kēia mau mea hoʻokele i lalo i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka hoʻoponopono i ka manaʻo prosocial a me ka hoʻokele manaʻo.

ʻO nā mea hoʻokele mua no ka lawehala prosocial ma waena o nā hoa hana i makemake i ka makemake maoli e mahi i nā pilina maikaʻi a lilo i hoa kōkua.

ʻO ka mea ʻāpiki, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā manaʻo ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka "hoʻokele manaʻo" i helu ʻia, Machiavellian, a me ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka pahuhopu kumu nui o ka hoʻokele manaʻo e nānā maikaʻi i mua o nā luna a "piʻi i luna" e ke kiʻi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai.

ʻO Gabriel et al. (2019) ʻike ʻia ʻehā mau kūlana pili i ka naʻau i waena o nā hoa hana:

1. Nā mea hana keaka hohonu. ʻO nā hoa hana e hōʻike i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hana hohonu a me nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka hana honua.
2. Mea hana keaka ʻili. ʻO nā hoa hana e hōʻike i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hana nei a ʻoi aku ka hana o ka hohonu.
3. Nā Nonactors. ʻO nā hoa hana e hana i nā pae negligible o ka papa honua a hana hohonu paha.
4. Nā mea hoʻoponopono. ʻO nā hoa hana e hōʻike i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hana ʻelua a me ka hana hohonu.

Ma nā ʻoihana ʻāpana, ʻo nā mea nonactors ka mea liʻiliʻi o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻehā, a ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahi e hana ana i like ka nui o nā mea hana hohonu, nā mea hana o luna, a me nā mea hoʻokele.

"ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka ʻilikai ka mea wahaheʻe āu e hōʻike nei i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Ma loko, e huhū a huhū paha ʻoe, akā ma waho, ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻoe i kou maikaʻi e ʻoluʻolu a maikaʻi paha," wahi a Allison Gabriel i loko o kahi nūhou. "Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka hana hohonu e hoʻololi i kou ʻano i loko. Ke hana hohonu nei ʻoe, ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻoe e hoʻopili i kou ʻano me kou launa pū ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe."

"ʻO ka mea lawe nui ʻo ia nā mea hana hohonu-ʻo ka poʻe i hoʻāʻo e kū pono me nā hoa hana - hana pēlā no nā kumu prosocial a hōʻiliʻili i nā pōmaikaʻi nui mai kēia mau hana," wahi a Gabriel.

Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi i nā mea hana hohonu e kūkulu i nā pae kiʻekiʻe ʻoi loa o ka hilinaʻi a loaʻa i ke kākoʻo hou aʻe mai nā hoa hana ma mua o ka poʻe i kūpono i kekahi o nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe. Ma ka laulaha, ua holomua ka holomua o nā mea hana hohonu i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kā lākou pahuhopu hana, ma kekahi ʻāpana no ka mea makemake ka poʻe limahana e hāʻawi i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a hāʻawi i ka lima e hoʻomāmā i nā ukana kaumaha.

Ma ke ʻano he "regulator" e hoʻāʻo e hoʻokau hou i kona mau naʻau ma o ke komo ʻana i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā hana ʻelua a me nā hana hohonu e hōʻike ana i kahi kaumaha. "Ua ʻeha ka mea hoʻokele i kā mākou mau māka o ke olakino, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pae o ka luhi a me ka inauthentic i ka hana," wahi a Gabriel.

"Manaʻo wau ʻo ka 'hoʻopunipuni a hiki i kou manawa e hana ai' manaʻo e hōʻike i kahi taktika ola i ka hana," hoʻopau ʻo Gabriel. "Malia paha ka plastering ma ka minoʻaka e puka maʻalahi mai kahi pilina i maʻalahi i ka holo pōkole, akā lōʻihi, e hōʻino ia i nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kou olakino a me nā pilina i loaʻa iā ʻoe ma ka hana."