ʻO nā mea kaua a me nā mea pepehi kanaka: kahi kamaʻilio i hoʻouka ʻia

Ua hōʻike kekahi mau mea noiʻi a me nā kauka i ka hopohopo nui a me ka maopopo e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā mea kaua a me ka pepehi kanaka ʻōpio. ʻO nā mea kaua ka mea e hele ai i ka make pepehi kanaka ma waena o nā lālā o ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika. . [ii] A weliweli loa nā mea kaua i ka hui pū ʻia me ka wikiwiki o ke koi ʻana e luku iā ia iho. [iii]

I kēia manawa, hōʻike kekahi mau noiʻi noiʻi e lōʻihi paha ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o nā noi suicidal nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua aʻo ʻia kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o iwakāluakūmāono kaukani nā haumāna o ke koleke a me nā haumāna puka puka i ʻōlelo ʻia ua hala ka manawa maʻamau o ka noʻonoʻo suicidal nui ma mua o hoʻokahi lā ma mua o ka hapalua o ka poʻe i suicidal i kēlā me kēia manawa. [Iv]

ʻO kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe he kanawalukūmālua mau maʻi i ka haukapila psychiatric University i hōʻike i kahi lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke suicidality nui. ma lalo o ka hapalua o ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia i hōʻike i ka lōʻihi o nā minuke he ʻumi a ʻoi iki no kā lākou hana suicidal.

I kēia mau manawa koʻikoʻi, manaʻo mua ʻia nā pū kī no ka pale ʻana lilo koke i mea kaua o ka luku iā ia iho no ka poʻe nona ia mau mea. Hōʻike ka noiʻi he 90 pākēneka o ka poʻe i make i ka pepehi kanaka me ka pū ʻaʻohe o lākou hoʻāʻo mua e kekahi hana ʻino. [Vii]

Aia kekahi noiʻi ikaika e hōʻike i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā mea kaua ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ma luna o nā uku pepehi kanaka. i ke kulekele e koi i nā koa IDF e haʻalele i kā lākou mea kaua ma ke kahua ma hope o nā hopena pule i hopena i kahi 40 kenetene e emi ana i ka helu makahiki o nā suicides.

Ma muli o ka noiʻi e like me kēia, ua koi ʻia nā kauka a me nā mea kākoʻo o ka poʻe e noi wiwo ʻole a nīnau pinepine e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kaua a me nā hana e pili ana i ka pū.

Minamina, hiki i kēia ala ke hele i hope loa. I nā poʻe kūpuna he nui, e nīnau ana i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea kaua i loko o ka wā maikaʻi loa a mahalo ʻole paha. Ke nīnau nei i ka nīnau hiki ke wāwahi koke i ka pilina therapeutic a alakaʻi paha i nā poʻe koa he nui e haʻalele i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa holoʻokoʻa.

Pehea wau e ʻike ai? No ka mea ua hōʻike wau i ka hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka manaʻo maoli o ka poʻe kūpuna e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, a me kahi hoa hele o ka wā i makemake e kōkua iaʻu e hele i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i nīnau aku i kahi hui he kanahiku mau hoa koa.

ʻO Brian Vargas, he UC Berkeley hana kaiaulu ka haumana puka puka, ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi mua ʻia ma ke kaiāulu veterans o Kaleponi ʻAkau, ua koho i kahi hui he kanahiku mau koa, i kākau inoa ʻia ma nā koleke kūloko ʻekolu. Ke nīnau ʻia ʻoe, "E hāmama paha ʻoe a ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana inā he pū pono kāu inā nīnau ʻia ʻoe e kahi mea hoʻolako ʻaʻole maopopo iā ʻoe," ma mua o ka hapalua (53 pākēneka) i ʻōlelo "ʻaʻole paha" a "ʻaʻole." Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻike koʻikoʻi loa i kēia balota, a ʻo ka mea e pili nui ana, ʻo ia ka hapa o ka poʻe koa i ʻōlelo e hāʻule paha lākou i waho o ka lapaʻau inā nīnau kahi kauka ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike maikaʻi inā he ʻāpana kā lākou.

ʻO ke ala a kēia poʻe koa koa he kanahiku i hāʻawi ai iā mākou e hoʻomaha iki no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana. Inā ʻo ka hilinaʻi ke kālā ikaika loa hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa, pono mākou e nīnau iā mākou iho e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokele i ka pilina therapeutic i ka hiki ʻole o ka pono ʻole. ʻO ke kuanaʻike e loaʻa paha i kahi kauka lapaʻau ka papahana a i ʻole hiki ke lawe i kahi pū kuhi (ʻoiai inā pololei ʻole kēia ʻike) [x] hiki ke lilo i mea pale nui i ka mālama.

ʻO nā kauka koi e ka kulekele maʻamau a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hana i kēia kūkākūkā i mua, ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hilinaʻi, hoʻonui i ka hakahaka hilinaʻi i ka manawa kūpono e pono ai mākou e hoʻohui a kūkulu i ka hilinaʻi me nā mea maʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka nīnau ʻana i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kaua e hoʻonui paha i ka makaʻu inā alakaʻi kēia i nā poʻe kūpuna e hōʻalo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mālama ma mua. Hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā mea kaua i ke ʻano o ka nui o nā mea kaua o ko mākou lāhui. ʻO ka hemo ʻana o kahi mea kaua kahi neʻe mana i hana ʻia e kekahi mea i ʻoi aku ke kūlana ma luna o kahi lālā lawelawe. Ke wehe ʻia kahi mea kaua o kahi lālā lawelawe, haʻi lākou iaʻu e pili pinepine kēia me nā manaʻo hilahila a hilahila paha, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana kēia i ka nalo ʻana o kahi hana nui i kā lākou kūlana he koa. Ke kamaʻilio like ka poʻe hoʻōla e pili ana i nā mea kaua i nā wahi olakino kahi e mālama ai nā koa kūpuna ma hope o ko lākou hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka pūʻali koa, ʻo nā manaʻo i hāpai ʻia i ka naʻau e neʻe i ke kamaʻilio.

M. Anestis, "ʻO ka manawa no ka loli i kēia manawa," 2018 American Association of Suicidology (AAS) hālāwai kūkā.

Ke Kula Nui o Harvard no ke olakino lehulehu, "Lethality of Suicide Methods: Nā helu make make ma ke ʻano make, 8 US States, 1989-1997," http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/means-matter/means-matter/case- make /

D. Drum, C. Brownson, B. D. Adryon, a me S. Smith, "ʻIkepili Hou e pili ana i ke ʻano o nā Suicidal Crises i nā haumāna o ke koleke: ke hoʻololi nei i ka paradigm," Psychology ʻoihana: Research and Practice 40 (2009): 213-222.

E. Deisenhammer, C. Ing, R. Strauss, G. Kemmler, H. Hinterhuber, a me E. Weiss, "Ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina o ka Suicidal: Ehia mau manawa e waiho ai no ka hana ma waena o ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻokō ʻana o kahi hoʻāʻo i ke ola." Ka Nūpepa o Psychiatry Clinical 70 (2008): 19-24.

V. Pearson, M. Phillips, F. He, a me H. Ji. "Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pepehi kanaka ma waena o nā wahine ʻōpio i ka lāhui kanaka o Kina: Nā mea hiki ke pale aku," Suicide & Life-Threatening Behaviour 32 (2002): 359-379.

M.D. Anestis "ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka ma mua o nā mea pepehi kanaka i make i nā mea kaua e pili ana i ka poʻe i make e nā ʻano ʻē aʻe," Pai no nā maʻi ʻino 189 (2016): 106-109.

Ke Kula Nui o Harvard no ke olakino lehulehu, "Lethality of Suicide Methods," http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/means-matter/means-matter/case-fatality/

G. Lubin, N. Werbeloff, D. Halperin, M. Shmushkevitch, M. Weiser, a me H. Knobler, "Ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā uku pepehi kanaka ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kulekele e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ana i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā mea kaua i nā ʻōpio: A Study Natural Epidemiological Study," Suicide and Nā hana hoʻoweliweli ola 40 (2010): 421-424.