Huakaʻi kupaianaha: Ke Kulanui o nā Keiki a me nā ʻīlio

Anter

• ʻO ka moʻolelo maʻamau o ko mākou hui ʻana. . .
• He moʻolelo maikaʻi aʻe?
• Akā kali! He aha ka hana pono?
• Akā laila he aha ka hana hoʻokipa?

ʻAʻole ia i kuhi ʻia e ʻōlelo ʻia ua hana ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā kānaka kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai naʻe pehea ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻelua i waiho ʻia i pohihihi mōʻaukala paʻa. ʻIke ʻia, ʻo ia nō, nā ʻīlio biologically, ʻīlio ( Canis lupus familiaris ) a me nā ʻīlio hae ( Canis lupus ) pili pili - no laila, ʻae nā zoologists ʻo nā ʻīlio o kēia manawa he mau ʻīlio hānai maʻamau - a i ʻole e ʻōlelo i kēia ʻano alelo i ka papalina, he ʻīlio hihiu i ka lole hipa. Inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia, a laila ʻo ka nīnau mōʻaukala maopopo ka mea o ka honua i hana ʻia i kekahi manawa i ka wā i hala i hoʻohuli ai i kekahi mau ʻīlio hae i nā ʻīlio o kēia manawa?

ʻO ka moʻolelo maʻamau o ko mākou hui ʻana. . .

Pehea ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae a me ka poʻe i kahi moʻolelo i hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ʻia i mau makahiki he mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā o ka wā Ice Ice hope loa o ka Honua. ʻO ka ʻepekema ka ʻepekema, nui ka kānalua a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui e pili ana i ka manawa o ka wā i hana mua ʻia ai kēia paʻa o nā laha. ʻAʻole maopopo ia ma hea kahi i hoʻomaka ai kēia pilina. Pēlā nō ka kānalua no ke kumu.

ʻO ka moʻolelo kuʻuna o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻīlio i haʻi maikaʻi ʻia e ka mea loea kaulana, ka loio, a me ka Nobel Laureate Konrad Lorenz - akā ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa - ua hoʻomaka paha nā ʻīlio hihiu (a i ʻole ma ka mana o Lorenz e lele ana a puni nā kahua hoʻomoana o nā mea ʻimi holoholona Pleistocene a me ko lākou hoahānau e kiʻi i nā koena ʻai i waiho wale ʻia na lākou, a i ʻole hoʻolei wale ʻia e like me nā ʻōpala.

I kēlā me kēia hihia, no laila ke hele nei ka moʻolelo, ma hope a ma hope paha ua ʻike ka poʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao kanaka o kēia kaulike i kēia mau canist feisty, ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea aloha, hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki wale nō. Hiki iā lākou ke hana pono iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi kiaʻi, hoa lawaiʻa, a pēlā aku. Maliʻa paha o kahi mea mehana e cuddle me i nā pō hoʻoilo.

He moʻolelo maikaʻi aʻe?

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole paha mākou e ʻike pehea, a no ke aha hoʻi, hui pū nā ʻīlio hae a me nā kānaka i mau tausani makahiki i hala. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau kumu kūpono e noʻonoʻo ai i ka loiloi o ka moʻolelo maʻamau o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻīlio hae i ʻīlio e pono ai. Malia paha ua hoʻonui ka ʻike kuʻuna i ka nui o ka mana o mākou i ke kālai ʻana ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻano anatomical o nā ʻīlio, akā me kā lākou hana. E like me kā Martina Lazzaroni ma ka Domestication Lab ma ka Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology ma Vienna, Austria, a me kāna mau hoa i kākau ai i hala iho nei: "Ua kākoʻo kā mākou ʻike i ka manaʻo ua pili ka lawelawe ʻana i ka ʻīlio i ka hana a nā ʻīlio e pili ana i ko lākou hoihoi āpau i ka noho kokoke ʻana me kahi hoa kanaka ... Eia naʻe, akāka ʻole i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoulu kipaku e launa pū me ke kanaka. "

Akā kali! He aha ka hana pono?

Ma ke aʻo ʻana a me ka hana, he anthropologist wau, ʻaʻole he zoologist a i ʻole he ethologist. Hiki paha iaʻu ke hewa, akā ʻaʻole wau i manaʻo ua ʻike maoli mākou i ka mea i lawe mai i nā ʻīlio hae a me nā kānaka i loko o ka pilina ma ʻō aku o ka maopopo leʻa he holoholona pili kaiāulu nui lāua ʻelua. I ka manawa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke launa a hana pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o kāu ʻano iho, he paʻakikī loa paha ia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pili, a ma ka hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi laha mai kahi ʻē aʻe?

Eia naʻe ka mea e hiki ai iaʻu ke ʻōlelo, ʻoiai ma ke ʻano he anthropologist ua noʻonoʻo wau a kākau wau - lana koʻu manaʻo me kekahi ʻike - e pili ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka hana ʻohana." ¹

ʻOiai ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei kā archaeologist ʻo John Hart a me kekahi o kā mākou mau hoa hana no nā makahiki, he mea hoʻopunipuni, a hewahewa loa hoʻi, e wehewehe i ka hana ʻōpala ma ke ʻano he moʻolelo e pili ana i ka loli i lawe ʻia e nā kānaka. ² E like me kā John a me aʻu i kākau ai i ka makahiki 2008:

. . . e ʻimi nei i ka hoʻomaka o ka hana ʻōpala (a e hoʻohui mākou, ʻo ka mahiʻai) kahi hana noiʻi i luku ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka. No ke aha mai? No ka mea (a) ʻaʻole pono e ʻike loli ʻia kekahi mau laha, morphologically a i ʻole genetically, ma mua o ka hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko; (b) nā hoʻololi morphological a me nā genetic i hiki i kekahi manawa ke lawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he "sign of domesticication" e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa e hoʻomohala, a no laila hōʻike lākou, inā lākou e hōʻike āpau, ma hope o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana ʻia e nā kānaka; a (c) ka hopena ʻana ʻo nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona wale nō e hōʻike pono ana i nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻohana a me ka mahi ʻana o ke kanaka e hiki ke kapa ʻia he "kūpilikiʻi" nā pilikia e hoʻowahāwahā nei i ka nui a me ka ikaika o ka hana kanaka ʻana i ka honua a mākou e noho nei.³

Akā laila he aha ka hana hoʻokipa?

Mai kēia kuanaʻike, ʻoiai mākou nā kānaka e maʻa mau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea he nui, ʻaʻole wale i kekahi mau ʻano, nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole pono ka hana hoʻomālama holoholona a i ʻole ka mahiai ana he mea kanu:

1. Pehea mākou i hana ai i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻokoʻa, a ʻokoʻa mau, e like me nā ʻano i nīnau ʻia a pehea ka nui a mākou e makemake ai e hoʻohana iā lākou.
2. No laila, hiki ke hoʻokau mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana e kāna hana ana - e nā mākau manipulative e hōʻike ana pehea e hana ʻia ai - ma mua o kāna (ʻike wale ʻia i kekahi manawa) nā hopena.
3. No laila e kapa ʻia kekahi ʻano "ʻohana" inā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻike i ka hoʻohana, a eia hou, ʻo ka hana hoʻokipa kahi generic mea o ke ola a ʻaʻole ka hiki i ke kanaka a kālena paha.

He aha ka leka lawe lawe ʻaneʻi? ʻAʻole i hānau ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā kānaka i loko o kēia ao e ʻike pehea e hoʻohana ai i kekahi. Inā ʻae pū ʻoe me aʻu ʻo ka ʻōpelu kahi huaʻōlelo no ka "ʻike pehea e hana ai," a laila me ka hoʻonui ʻole ʻia, nānā ʻole pehea Canis lupus a ʻO Homo sapiens Ua ulu a hiki i kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana pēlā, pono e aʻo i nā keiki a me nā ʻīlio ma o ka ʻike pehea e hana ai - pehea e hoʻopili ai i kā lākou hana pū me ka honua a me nā ʻano lehulehu e noho ana a puni lākou.