Neal E.Miller: Kawaihae o kēia Psychologist

Anter

• ʻO kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola o kēia psychologist ʻAmelika i ʻike ʻia no ka ʻimi noiʻi pilikino.
• Kawaihae o Neal E. Miller
• Nā makahiki mua a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa
• ʻOihana
• Nā Hoʻohanohano a me nā Hoʻohanohano
• ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa no nā pono holoholona
• ʻO ke kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ke kaʻina aʻo a me ke ʻano

ʻO kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola o kēia psychologist ʻAmelika i ʻike ʻia no ka ʻimi noiʻi pilikino.

ʻO Neal E. Miller kahi psychologist ʻAmelika, ʻike nui ʻia no ka hāʻawi nui ʻana i ka māla hoʻokolohua o ka ʻepekema hana.

He kanaka nui ʻo ia, hoʻolaʻa iā ia iho ʻaʻole wale i ke aʻo ʻana i ka psychology, akā me ka ʻike nui o ka biology a me ka physics, i hāʻawi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kekahi o kāna mau kumumanaʻo a me nā ʻike.

ʻO kēia mea noiʻi, ʻo ia ka mea i lilo i ka psychologist ʻewalu i ʻōlelo nui ʻia o ke kenekulia i hala, a ua hana ʻo ia i loko o kekahi mau kula nui a ua hōʻike i nā manaʻo kontroversial loa e pili ana i ka noi psychology. Ma aneʻi e ʻike ai mākou i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o kona ola ma o he moʻolelo pilikino ʻo Neal E. Miller.

Kawaihae o Neal E. Miller

A laila e ʻike mākou i ke ola hoihoi o kēia psychologist hoʻokolohua ʻAmelika.

Nā makahiki mua a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa

ʻO Neal Elgar Miller ʻo ia hānau ʻia ma Milwaukee, Wisconsin, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ʻAukake 13, 1909. Ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo ia i hānau ʻia i loko o kahi ʻohana i ʻike mua e pili ana i ka ʻepekema hana, ʻoiai ʻo kona makuakāne, ʻo Irving Miller, i hana no ke Kulanui o Wakinekona Komohana, ma ke ʻano o ka ʻohana o ka ʻimi a me ka noʻonoʻo.

Nui ka hoihoi o Miller i ka ʻepekema, a no ia kumu ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa i ka biology a me ka physics ma ke Kulanui o Wakinekona ma 1931. Ma hope, ua ua hoʻoholo e komo i loko o ka psychology, keu hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka lawena. Ma hope ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui ʻo Stanford ma ka psychology pilikino.

Ma hope, me kekahi o kāna mau polofesa, ʻo Walter Miles, e hana ʻo Miller ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi noiʻi ma ka Institute for Human Relations ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale. I ka 1935 ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kekelē laepua no ka psychology ma ke kula nui like. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi e huakaʻi ʻo ia i Vienna, ʻAsuria, e hana pū me ka Institute of Psychoanalysis, e hoʻi i Yale i ka makahiki aʻe.

Lilo ʻo ia i kanakolu makahiki e hiki mai ana ma ke Kulanui ʻo Yale, e hele a aʻo aku ma ke Kulanui ʻo Rockefeller i ka makahiki 1966, a i loko nō o kāna mau makahiki he 70, e aʻo ʻo ia ma ke Kulanui Lapaʻau Kula ʻo Cornell. E hoʻi ʻo ia iā Yale i ka makahiki 1985 ma ke ʻano he hoa noiʻi.

Ua hala ʻo Neal E. Miller ma Malaki 23, 2002 ma Connecticut, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, i ka makahiki 92.

ʻOihana

I ka wā mua o kāna ʻoihana he psychologist, Neal E. Miller kau nui ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua ʻana me ka lawena i nā kūlana maoli, akā naʻe me ka manaʻo Freudian.

ʻO ka poʻomanaʻo hou loa o kāna noiʻi ʻana ʻo ka makaʻu, a ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia e hiki ke loaʻa i kēia ʻano naʻau ma o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana.

Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo ia ua hoʻoholo e hoʻoholo i nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe a me nā sensations akomi, e like me ka pōloli, e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻenehana like me kāna i hoʻokele ai i kahi kūlana weliweli i nā kumuhana.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia lā he mea paha kēia e nīele ʻole ʻia, i kēlā manawa ʻaʻole maopopo, a ʻo ia ke kumu o nā ʻenehana a me nā ʻike hou i hana ʻia e Miller i hopena i kahi hoʻololi nui i ka hapanui o ka hana a me ka hoʻoikaika.

E ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Miller manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea e hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o biofeedback, ʻo ia ke kaʻina o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike hou aʻe i nā hana psychological he nui e hoʻohana ana i nā pono hana e hāʻawi i ka ʻike ma ia mau hana like.

Me John Dollard lāua ʻo O. Hobart Mowrer, Neal E. Miller ua hoʻāʻo e hoʻohui i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo mai nā kahawai a me nā psychoanalytic. Ua hiki iā ia ke 'unuhi' manaʻo psychoanalyst i ka ʻōlelo behavioral, e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻokokoke aku iā lākou i ka hoʻokolohua.

ʻO kēia ʻekolu o nā psychologists ʻAmelika nui i kau nui ʻia i ke kumumanaʻo nui o ka behaviorism, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka pilina ma waena o stimulus a me ka pane.

He mea nui nō hoʻi e haʻi aku ua ʻike lākou i ka ʻike o ka hopohopo o Sigmund Freud, ka mea i kuhi he hōʻailona hōʻailona kēia e pili ana i ka maka o ka pilikia, inā paha he kuhi a he maoli paha.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai a me ka ʻoihana ola o Neal E. Miller i waiwai nui, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o aneane 300 mau ʻatikala, nā puke a me nā paʻi ʻana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kāna hana i ʻike nui ʻia, ka mea i kākau pū ʻia me John Dollard, ʻo Personality and Psychotherapy (1950). ʻO kēia hana e pili ana i ka neurosis a me ke aʻo ʻana.

Nā Hoʻohanohano a me nā Hoʻohanohano

Ma waena o nā hanohano a pau i loaʻa i kēia psychologist ʻAmelika ʻo ia ka pelekikena o ka APA ma waena o 1960 a 1961.

I ka 1964 ua lilo ʻo ia i psychologist mua loa i loaʻa i ka United States National Medal of Science, hāʻawi ʻia e Pelekikena Lyndon B. Johnson i kēlā manawa.

ʻO nā mea hanohano kaulana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka pelekikena o ka Society for Neurosciences, ka Biofeedback Society of America, a me ka Academy of Research in Behavioural Medicine.

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa no nā pono holoholona

ʻO ka Psychology kahi ʻepekema e pono ai e hoʻokō i nā hoʻokolohua i mea e hōʻoia ai a hōʻole i kāna mau kumumanaʻo. I kekahi manawa, no nā kumu kūpono, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka noiʻi me nā kumuhana kanaka, me ka hoʻokolohua holoholona ʻana ka koho ʻoi loa. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Miller i nā holoholona i kāna mau hoʻokolohua, kahi mea i pili mua i kekahi paio i kona manawa, keu hoʻi mai nā ʻāpana e pale i nā kuleana holoholona.

ʻOiai hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻaʻole pono mau a hoʻokalakupua paha ia i nā holoholona, He pale ikaika ʻo Neal E. Miller i ka hana, me ka hāʻawi pū ʻana i kona manaʻo i ka poʻe i hōʻino iā ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano kumuhana i kāna noiʻi.

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia inā ʻaʻohe kuleana o nā ʻepekema e hoʻohana i nā holoholona i ka noiʻi, a laila ʻaʻohe kuleana o kekahi e pepehi i nā holoholona no ka meaʻai a lole paha mai ko lākou ʻili.

Eia hou, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo ʻana he paʻakikī kēia mea, e ʻōlelo nei ʻoiai ʻo nā ola āpau ke manaʻo ʻia he laʻa, ma hea e kū ai ka laina? Aia kekahi mau holoholona e pepehi i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i mea e hānai ai iā lākou iho, e hāpai ana i ka nīnau i ka nui a mākou e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i nā pono holoholona a pehea e hōʻeha ai i ka hiki ʻole i nā kānaka ke hoʻokolohua a hānai paha i ke koena o ke aupuni holoholona.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ke kaʻina aʻo a me ke ʻano

Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo Miller lāua ʻo Dollard i kēlā hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kanaka ma ke kumu o nā ʻano. Ma ka maʻamau ʻike maopopo mākou i kahi hui ma waena o kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki a me kahi pane e kumu pinepine ai i kēia maʻamau. Kūlohelohe nā ʻano maʻamau, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia a i ʻole, no kekahi kumu a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, oki ka hana ʻana.

ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ke kumumanaʻo o kēia mau mea kākau ʻelua e ʻike a wehewehe i nā kūlana kaiapuni e hāpai i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻano maʻamau.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ke kumumanaʻo e ulu ka pilikino i ka nui a kaohi a hoʻemi ʻia nā impulses. I kēia hihia, hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi impulse ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻoluʻolu ʻole, inā māʻona, hāʻawi i ke kōkua, e like me, no ka laʻana, ka pōloli a me ka ʻai ʻana.

Wahi a ka psychologist ʻo Clark Hull, hiki ke aʻo i ke ala e hoʻemi ʻia ai kahi impulse a i ʻole kahi pono o ka meaola, māʻona i ke ala kūpono.

ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i kahi impulse e ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu makemake kahi mea e hoʻoikaika ai, ke hana nei i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kahi ala e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka haunaele e pono ai ka hana.

ʻO Dollard lāua ʻo Miller ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o nā kalai mua a me nā kalaiwa lua. ʻO nā mea mua nā mea e pili ana i nā hanana physiological e pono ai no ke ola o ke kanaka, e like me ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hiamoe ʻana. ʻO nā mea ʻelua nā ʻano o ka impulses mua akā ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, e like me ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi manawa, a i ʻole pono e hiamoe i kahi ʻano moena kūikawā.

Ma ka 'aoʻao aʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale kēia mau mea kākau ma waena o nā mea hoʻoikaika mua a me nā kula kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻomaopopo kahi mea hoʻoikaika i kēlā hanana i paipai i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi pane. ʻO nā mea hoʻoikaika mua nā mea e hōʻemi i nā impulses mua, ʻoiai nā mea ʻelua e hōʻemi i nā impulses ʻelua. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika mua mākou i ka meaʻai, ka wai, ka mana e hiamoe ai, ʻoiai ke kula kiʻekiʻe hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo, no ka laʻana, kālā a i ʻole ka kūleʻa ʻoihana.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Dollard lāua ʻo Miller hiki ke kaʻina aʻo ma muli o nā ʻano ʻehā.