Nā maʻi Neurodegenerative: Nā ʻano, nā ʻōuli a me nā mālama ʻana

Anter

• He loiloi i nā maʻi neurodegenerative nui a me ko lākou mau ʻōuli.
• He aha nā maʻi neurodegenerative?
• Nā kumu kūpono
• ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā maʻi neurodegenerative
• 1. maʻi ʻo Alzheimer
• 2. maʻi ʻo Parkinson
• 3. Multiple Sclerosis
• 4. ʻO Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis
• 5. Huntington's chorea
• 6. Friedreich's ataxia
• Hoʻomaʻo i nā maʻi neurodegenerative
• Nā kūmole puke moʻolelo

He loiloi i nā maʻi neurodegenerative nui a me ko lākou mau ʻōuli.

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka maʻi e makaʻu nui ai iā mākou. Maliʻa paha, ua manaʻo kekahi poʻe i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a i ʻole ke kōkua maʻi AIDS, akā he nui nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i koho iā Alzheimer, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe kahi e lilo nei i ka nalowale holomua o nā hiki (ʻoi aku ka noʻonoʻo, akā ʻo ke kino hoʻi). A ʻo ka manaʻo o ka nalo ʻana i kā mākou hiki (ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe, ʻike ʻole ʻo wai mākou a ma hea mākou) ʻo ia kekahi o nā moeʻuhane hohonu loa a me nā makaʻu o ka hapa nui.

Minamina, no kekahi poʻe ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka makaʻu: he mea ia e ola nei a lana paha ka manaʻo e ola koke. E pili ana i ka poʻe i ʻeha i nā maʻi neurodegenerative, kahi manaʻo a mākou e kamaʻilio ai ma loko o kēia ʻatikala.

He aha nā maʻi neurodegenerative?

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā maʻi Neurodegenerative e hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi i hōʻike ʻia e ke alo o neurodegeneration, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa holomua a hiki i ka make ʻana o nā neurons ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o kā mākou ʻōnaehana hopohopo.

Holomua pinepine kēia make neuronal a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, e hana ana i kahi hopena o nā hopena a i ʻole nā ​​hopena o ke koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe i hiki mai ke loaʻa ʻole o kahi hopena hōʻailona i kumu e lilo ai ka nalowale holomua o nā noʻonoʻo a me / a i ʻole nā ​​kūmole kino a hiki i ka make ((ʻo kahi laʻana, ma muli o ka hopu ʻana i ka cardiorespiratory, kekahi o nā kumu pinepine o ka make i kēia ʻano ʻano.

ʻO nā maʻi Neurodegenerative kekahi o nā kumu pinepine a pili kūpono hoʻi o ke kīnā, ʻoiai ʻo ka neurodegeneration holomua e hoʻopau ʻia ka palena ʻana o nā hana a me ka hiki ʻole i ka holomua ke kū i ke koi kaiapuni. e koi ana i ke kākoʻo kūwaho a me nā kekelē ʻē aʻe o ke kōkua.

Nā kumu kūpono

ʻO nā kumu o kēia ʻano maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi hiki ke nui, me ka nui o nā kumu i hiki ke hoʻohuli i ko lākou helehelena. ʻO ke kumu i ka nīnau e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka maʻi neurodegenerative a mākou e kamaʻilio nei. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hapanui o nā hihia ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā kumu kikoʻī o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau pathology.

Ma waena o nā kumu kūpono he nui i manaʻo ʻia no kekahi o lākou a lākou e ʻike nei, aia kekahi mau kumu i loko o nā maʻi viral ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana, ke ʻano o nā loli i ka ʻōnaehana autoimmune nāna e hoʻouka i nā hunaola o ke kino, trauma a me / a i ʻole nā ​​pōpilikia cerebrovascular (i ka hihia o ka vament dementia). ʻO kahi keu o kekahi mau mea e like me Nā kino Lewy, nā pāka beta-amyloid a i ʻole nā ​​tangle neurofibrillary ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi i kekahi mau dementias, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ko lākou helehelena.

ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o nā maʻi neurodegenerative

Nui ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā maʻi i hiki ke kumu i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka make ʻana o nā neurons i kā mākou ʻōnaehana nūnū. ʻO nā maʻi Dementias a me nā maʻi neuromuscular ka mea ʻike nui ʻia a pinepine pinepine hoʻi. Ma lalo hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kekahi mau laʻana o kekahi o nā maʻi neurodegenerative maʻamau.

1. maʻi ʻo Alzheimer

ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi neurodegenerative i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer, ʻo ia paha ka pilikia prototypical a prevalent ʻoi loa o kēia ʻano. ʻO kēia maʻi, i hoʻomaka i nā lobopa temporoparietal a ma hope pāhola ʻia i loko o ka lolo, ʻaʻohe kumu i maopopo. Hoʻopuka ia i kahi dementia i hōʻike ʻia e ka nalowale holomua o nā noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ʻo ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana kekahi o nā mea i hoʻopili nui ʻia a me ka aphasic-apraxo-agnosic maʻi e hōʻike ʻia i kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā mākau o ka ʻōlelo, ke kaʻina ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā neʻe paʻakikī a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā stimulus e like me nā helehelena.

2. maʻi ʻo Parkinson

ʻO Parkinson kekahi o nā maʻi neurodegenerative i ʻike nui ʻia a pinepine hoʻi. I loko o laila , kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa holomua o nā neurons o ka substantia nigra a kū ka ʻōnaehana nigrostriatal, e hoʻopili ana i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o dopamine i kēia ala. ʻO nā ʻōuli ʻike nui ʻia o kēlā me kēia ʻano motuka, me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana, nā haunaele hele a ʻo ia paha ka ʻōuli kaulana loa: haʻalulu parkinsonian i nā kūlana hoʻomaha.

Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i ka hana ʻana i ka dementia, i loko o ia mea, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ʻōuli i luna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mutism, ka nalowale ʻana o ka helehelena, ka lohi o ka noʻonoʻo, nā maʻi hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe.

3. Multiple Sclerosis

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi a hiki ʻole ke hōʻola ʻia i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka demyelination holomua o ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo ma muli o ka hopena o ka ʻōnaehana paleʻaleʻa e kūʻē i ka myelin e uhi ana i nā neurons. Kū i loko o ke ʻano o nā maʻi ahulau ma waena o laila he pae o ka hoʻōla hou ʻana, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kino e hoʻoponopono i ka nalo ʻana o ka myelin (ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hou e liʻiliʻi ia i ke kūpaʻa a maikaʻi ʻole). Ka luhi, nāwaliwali o nā mākala, ka nele o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, nā pilikia ʻike a me ka ʻeha ʻo ia kekahi o nā pilikia e hana ʻia, e holomua mau ana i ka pinepine i ka manawa. ʻAʻole ia i manaʻo ʻia he make a ʻaʻohe hopena maikaʻi i ke ola o ke ola.

4. ʻO Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis

ʻO ka Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis kekahi o nā maʻi neuromuscular pinepine, ʻo ia kekahi o nā maʻi neurodegenerative e pili ana i ka loli a me ka make o nā neurons kaʻa. Ke holo nei ka neurodegeneration, atrophy nā mākala a hiki i ka hiki ʻole i kā lākou neʻe manawaleʻa. Ma hope o ka manawa hiki ke hoʻopili i ka musculature respiratory, kekahi o nā kumu e hoʻemi nui ʻia ke kali ʻana o ke ola o ka poʻe i loaʻa iā ia (ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa, e like me Stephen Hawking).

5. Huntington's chorea

ʻO ka maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Huntington's chorea kekahi o nā maʻi neurodegenerative i ʻike nui ʻia o nā kumu kūlohelohe. ʻO ka maʻi hoʻoilina i lawe ʻia i kahi ʻano autosomal, ʻike ʻia ia e ke kū ʻana o nā hoʻololi kaʻa, e like me nā choreas a i ʻole nā ​​neʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka kaohi ʻole o nā mākala, like kona neʻe ʻana me kahi hula. Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻailona kaʻa, i ka holo ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi i nā hana hoʻokō, hoʻomanaʻo, ʻōlelo a me ke ʻano.

ʻIke ʻia ke kū ʻana o nā leona lolo koʻikoʻi ma kona ulu ʻana, keu hoʻi i ka basal ganglia. Loaʻa iā ia kahi wānana maikaʻi ʻole, e hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa i ke ola o ka poʻe e ʻehaʻeha iā ia a hoʻoikaika i ke alo o nā maʻi puʻuwai a me nā hanu.

6. Friedreich's ataxia

ʻO ka maʻi hoʻoilina e hoʻololi i ka ʻōnaehana ma o ke komo ʻana o nā neurons i ka iwi kuamoʻo a me nā ʻalolo e kaohi ana i nā ʻāʻī. ʻO ka paʻakikī i ʻike nui ʻia ke hoʻohui ʻana i nā neʻe, nāwaliwali o nā mākala, nā pilikia ʻōlelo a me nā hele wāwae, a me nā pilikia neʻe maka. ʻO ka holomua o kēia maʻi e hana pinepine i ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kōkua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā noho huila. Kū pinepine ʻia me nā pilikia puʻuwai.

Hoʻomaʻo i nā maʻi neurodegenerative

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia ka hapa nui o nā maʻi neurodegenerative i kēia lā (ʻoiai aia he ʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ma kekahi o nā maʻi i hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka mea maʻi maʻi). Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hōʻailona e hoʻolōʻihi i ka holomua o kēia mau maʻi a hoʻolōʻihi i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka hana o ka mea maʻi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hihia kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kaʻina lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a i ʻole nā ​​lāʻau ʻokoʻa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hana o ke kumuhana.

I ka mea mua, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he maʻi paʻakikī ka maʻi like no ka mea maʻi, e hoʻoulu ana i kahi manawa o ke kaumaha a me nā pilikia adaptive i loaʻa mai iā ia. E ʻike ʻia paha ka pīhoihoi a me ke kaumaha, a ʻo ka maʻi ahonui a koʻikoʻi paha ma hope o ka hihia ma muli o ka hihia. I kēia mau hihia, pono paha ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka psychotherapy, ke hoʻololi nei i ka hoʻolālā i kēlā me kēia hihia kikoʻī. A ʻaʻole wale ma ka hihia o ka mea hoʻomanawanui, akā hiki i nā mea mālama ke ʻike i kēia ʻano pilikia a koi i ka mālama ʻoihana.

Psychoed Education no ka mea hoʻomanawanui a me ke kaiapuni e pili ana i ka maʻi a me nā hopena e pono ai, e kōkua ana e hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kānalua i loaʻa iā lākou a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻano hana a me nā hoʻolālā.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka neuropsychological rehabilitation, ʻo ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo ka physiotherapy a me ka haʻiʻōlelo haʻi ʻōlelo maʻamau ma ke ʻano he mahele o ka hoʻolālā multidisciplinary e hoʻonui a hoʻolōʻihi i ka maikaʻi o ke ola, ka mokuʻāina, nā mana a me ka mana kūʻokoʻa o ka mea maʻi. Pau pū ia e koi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kōkua kūwaho i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he uku a i ʻole pani hakahaka no nā mākau nalowale e like me pictograms, agenda (kahi mea maʻalahi e like me kēia e lilo ai i mea kōkua nui loa no ka poʻe me ka hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā pilikia e like me ke ʻano), ʻike maka nā kōkua a me nā neʻe ʻana e like me nā noho huila i hoʻopili ʻia.

Nā kūmole puke moʻolelo