ʻO Neuroprosthetic Hou kahi Breakthrough AI Robotics

Ua hoʻolaha ka poʻe ʻepekema ma EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) ma Kuikilana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi mua o ka honua no ka lima lima robotic — kahi ʻano hou o neuroprosthetic e hoʻohui i ka kaohi kanaka me ka automation intelligence (AI) automation no ka dexterity lopako nui aʻe a paʻi i kā lākou noiʻi i Kepakemapa 2019 i ʻIke Mīkini Kūlohelohe .

ʻO nā Neuroprosthetics (neural prosthetics) he mau mea hana e hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻonui paha i ka ʻōnaehana hopohopo ma o ka hoʻoulu uila ʻana e uku no nā hemahema e pili ana i nā mākau kaʻa, ʻike, ʻike, lohe, kamaʻilio, a me nā mākau ʻike. ʻO nā laʻana o nā neuroprosthetics e pili ana i nā interface lolo-kamepiula (BCI), hoʻonāukiuki o ka lolo hohonu, stimulator cord spinal (SCS), implant control bladder, cochlear implants, and cardiac pacemakers.

ʻO ka waiwai ʻoi loa o nā prosthetics ma luna o ka honua a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 2.3 biliona USD e 2025, e like me nā kiʻi mai kahi hōʻike ʻAukake 2019 e Global Market Insight. I ka 2018, ua hōʻea ke kumukūʻai mākeke o ka honua holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokahi piliona USD e pili ana i ka hōʻike like. Kuhi ʻia he ʻelua miliona mau ʻAmelika i nā ampute, a aia ma kahi o 185,000 ʻoki ʻia i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka National Limb Loss Information Center. Loaʻa nā maʻi maʻi v 82 no ka pākēneka o ko ʻAmelika ʻoki ʻia e like me ka hōʻike.

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi prostesis myoelectric e pani i nā ʻāpana kino i ʻoki ʻia me kahi lālā hana mana i waho e hoʻoulu ʻia e nā mākala o ka mea hoʻohana. Wahi a ka pūʻulu noiʻi EPFL, hiki i nā hāmeʻa kālepa i loaʻa i kēia lā ke hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻohana i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kū kaʻawale, akā ʻaʻohe wahi e wikiwiki ai ka dexterity e like me ka lima kanaka paʻa.

"Hoʻohana maʻamau nā mea kalepa i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa leo ʻelua e kāohi i kahi kekele o ke kūʻokoʻa; ʻo ia, hoʻokahi kahawai sEMG no ka flexion a hoʻokahi no ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana, ”i kākau ai nā mea noiʻi EPFL i kā lākou noiʻi ʻana. "ʻOiai ʻike maʻalahi, hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana i ka dexterity liʻiliʻi. Haʻalele ka poʻe i nā prostheses myoelectric i nā helu kiʻekiʻe, ma kahi ʻāpana no ka mea manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole lawa ka pae o ke kaohi e pono ai ke kumukūʻai a me ka paʻakikī o kēia mau hāmeʻa. "

No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka pilikia o ka dexterity me nā prostheses myoelectric, ua lawe ka poʻe noiʻi EPFL i kahi ʻano interdisciplinary no kēia noiʻi hōʻoiaʻiʻo ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kahua ʻepekema o neuroengineering, robotics, a me ka naʻaupō hana e semi-automate i kahi ʻāpana o ke kauoha kaʻa no "kaʻana like kāohi. ”

ʻO Silvestro Micera, ka luna o Bertarelli Foundation EPFL ma Neuroengineering Translational, a me Polofesa o Bioelectronics ma Scuola Superiore SantʻAnna ma Italia, ke nānā aku i kēia ala like no ka mālama ʻana i nā lima robotic hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena olakino a me ka hoʻohana no ka nui o nā kumu neuroprosthetic e like me ka lolo. -na mau mīkini mīkini (BMI) a me nā lima bionic.

"ʻO kekahi kumu e hoʻohana pinepine ai nā wahine hoʻokalakupua kalepa i nā decoder decoderers based ma kahi o ka proportional no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā classifiers i kahi kūlana," i kākau ai nā mea noiʻi. "No ka hopu ʻana, kūpono kēia ʻano kaohi e pale i ka hāʻule ʻole ʻana akā mōhai i ka ʻoihana hoʻohana ma o ka kaohi ʻana i ka helu o nā kūlana lima hiki. ʻO kā mākou hoʻokō ʻana o ka kaʻana like ʻana e ʻae ai i nā ʻoihana hoʻohana ʻelua a me ka hopu ʻana i ka ikaika. Ma kahi manuahi, loaʻa ka mana o ka mea hoʻohana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka lima, kahi e ʻae ai i ka hana mua ʻana no ka hopu ʻana. "

I loko o kēia noi ʻana, ua kiaʻi ka poʻe noiʻi EPFL i ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā hāmeʻa algorithms — ʻo ka lako pono robotic i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao kūwaho he Allegro Hand i kau ʻia ma ka KUKA IIWA 7 lopako, kahi ʻōnaehana pahupaʻi OptiTrack a me nā ʻume ʻo TEKSCAN.

Ua hana nā ʻepekema EPFL i kahi decoder proporional kinematic ma o ka hana ʻana i multilayer perceptron (MLP) e aʻo pehea e wehewehe ai i ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻohana i mea e unuhi ai i ka neʻe ʻana o nā manamana lima ma kahi lima kuʻi. He multilayer perceptron kahi feedforward neural artificial network e hoʻohana i backpropagation. He ʻano aʻo hohonu ʻo MLP kahi e neʻe ai ka ʻike i hoʻokahi ala, a i loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni a i ʻole loop ma o ka pūnaewele neural hana.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka algorithm e ka ʻike hoʻokomo mai ka mea hoʻohana e hana ana i kahi neʻe ʻana o ka neʻe lima. No ka manawa hoʻololi wikiwiki, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hana Levenberg – Marquardt no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kaupaona pūnaewele ma kahi o ka gradient. Ua wikiwiki ka hana hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha a lawe ma lalo o 10 mau minuke no kēlā me kēia kumuhana, e hana ana i ka algorithm mai kahi kuanaʻike hoʻohana.

"No kahi mea ʻokiʻoki, paʻakikī maoli i ka ʻaelike ʻana i nāʻiʻo i nā ʻano like ʻole he nui e kaohi ai i nā ala a pau e neʻe ai kā mākou manamana lima," i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Katie Zhuang ma ka EPFL Translational Neural Engineering Lab, ʻo ia ka mea kākau mua o ka noiʻi noiʻi. . "ʻO ka mea a mākou e hana ai, kau mākou i kēia mau mea ʻike i ko lākou kumu i koe, a laila hoʻopaʻa iā lākou a hoʻāʻo e wehewehe i nā hōʻailona o ka neʻe. Ma muli o ka walaʻau o kēia mau hōʻailona, ​​he aha ka mea e pono ai kēia mīkini aʻo algorithm e unuhi i ka hana kūpono mai kēlā mau mākala a unuhi iā lākou i nā neʻe. A ʻo kēia mau neʻe ka mea e kaohi i kēlā me kēia manamana o nā lima robotic. "

Ma muli o ka pololei ʻole o ka wanana a ka mīkini o ka neʻe ʻana o ka manamana lima i 100 pakeneka, ua hoʻokomo nā mea noiʻi EPFL i ka automation robotic e hiki ai i ka lima hana lima a hoʻomaka hoʻomaka ke pani a puni kahi mea i ka manawa i hana mua ʻia ai ka pilina mua. Inā makemake ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻokuʻu i kahi mea, ʻo kāna mea wale nō e hoʻāʻo ai e wehe i ka lima i mea e hoʻopau ai i ka mea hoʻoponopono robotic, a hoʻihoʻi i ka mea hoʻohana i ka kaohi o ka lima.

Wahi a Aude Billard nāna e alakaʻi i nā Algorithms a me nā Laboratory o EPFL, hiki i ka lima robotic ke pane i loko o 400 milliseconds. "Hoʻokomo ʻia me nā mea kaomi puʻe ma nā manamana lima āpau, hiki iā ia ke pane a hoʻopaʻa i ka mea ma mua o ka ʻike pono o ka lolo i ka paheʻe o kēia mea," wahi a Billard.

Ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻike kuʻuna i ka neuroengineering a me nā robotics, ua hōʻike nā ʻepekema EPFL i ke ala hou o ka kaʻana like ʻana ma waena o ka mīkini a me ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻohana-kahi holomua i ka ʻenehana neuroprosthetic.

Kuleana kope © 2019 Cami Rosso nā kuleana āpau.