Precuña: Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā hana o kēia ʻāpana o ka lolo

Anter

• Aia kēia ʻāpana o ka cerebral cortex i ka lobe parietal a he nui nā hana.
• Precuña: wehewehe, kūkulu a me kahi
• Hiʻona
• ʻIkepili pilikino (hoʻomanaʻo episodic)
• 1. Ka hana Visuospatial
• 2. Kaʻike pilikino
• 3. Manaʻo ʻike
• 4. Hoʻohui kumu
• Pre-wedge i ka maʻi o Alzheimer

Aia kēia ʻāpana o ka cerebral cortex i ka lobe parietal a he nui nā hana.

ʻO ka lolo o ke kanaka kahi mea paʻakikī a hoihoi hoʻi. Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia hemisfer cerebral i nā lobes he nui.

A i ka lobe parietal kiʻekiʻe, hūnā ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāʻī nerve, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka wedge mua, kahi ʻāpana kūikawā no kona ʻano a no nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ma ke kikowaena o ka lolo. i nā kaʻina hana pilikino. .

I kēia ʻatikala wehewehe mākou i ka pre-wedge, he aha kona ʻano a ma hea ia e kū ai, he aha kāna mau hana nui a he aha kāna kuleana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka maʻi o Alzheimer.

Precuña: wehewehe, kūkulu a me kahi

ʻO ka wedge a precuneus paha ka kahi ʻāpana i loko o ka lobe parietal kiʻekiʻe, hūnā ʻia i loko o ka mānoanoa lonikū o ka lolo, ma waena o nā hemispheres ʻelua. Hoʻopili ʻia ia i mua e ka lālā palena o ka cingulate sulcus, ma ka ʻaoʻao hope e ka parieto-occipital sulcus a, ma lalo, e ka subcusaria subcus.

I kekahi manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia ka wedge e like me ka medial area o ka parietal cortex kiʻekiʻe. I nā ʻōlelo cytoarchitectural, ʻo ia kūlike i ko Brodmann ʻāpana 7, he mahele o ka ʻāpana parietal o ka pale.

Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa iā ia kahi hui cortical paʻakikī i ke ʻano o nā kolamu a ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi lolo e lōʻihi loa e hoʻopau i kāna myelination (kahi hana e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā axons me ka myelin i, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wikiwiki o ka impulse hoʻo · maha kuapo. Hōʻike kāna morphology i nā ʻano pākahi, ʻelua i kona ʻano a me ka nui longitudinal.

Kekahi, ka pre-wedge he nui nā pili neural ; ma ka pae cortical, hoʻopili ia me nā wahi sensorimotor, me nā wahi e pili ana i nā hana luna, ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka hoʻolālā kaʻa, a me ka pahu ʻike mua; a ma ka pae subcortical, pili nui ia me ka thalamic nuclei a me ka lolo.

ʻO ka pre-wedge kahi hanana i ulu nui aʻe i nā kānaka ma mua o nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ma kahi pae evolutionary ua nui ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui (i ke ʻano a me ka ʻili) o nā lobes parietal a me nā alo o ka maʻi cerebral human i hoʻohālikelike ʻia. ke koena o ke aupuni holoholona, ​​me ka mea e pili ana i kēia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana ʻike kiʻekiʻe. No laila, kahi hanana i hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoihoi nui i ke kaiāulu neuros Scientific, me ke ʻano anatomically "elusive" (ma muli o kona wahi).

Hiʻona

ʻO ka wedge mua ka kekahi o nā wahi nui o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ko mākou lolo, a hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi alakaʻi ma o kahi o nā hōʻailona e pono ai no kēia ʻōnaehana e hana ma ke ʻano he pass holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohui ʻia.

Ma lalo nā hana ʻokoʻa i pili i ka wedge mua:

ʻIkepili pilikino (hoʻomanaʻo episodic)

Hana ka pre-wedge i ka pilina me ka pale prefrontal hema, i pili i nā hana e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic a me nā hoʻomanaʻo autobiography. I kēia ʻano, komo i nā ʻano e like me ka nānā, ka hoʻōla o ka hoʻomanaʻo episodic, ka hoʻomanaʻo hana a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻike.

1. Ka hana Visuospatial

ʻO kekahi o nā hana nui i hōʻike ʻia i ka wedge wedge e pili pū me ka hana visuospatial; Komo kēia ʻāpana i loko ka mālama ʻana i ka nānā spatial, ke neʻe nā neʻe a, a, ke hana ʻia nā kiʻi.

Manaʻo ʻia he kuleana nō ia no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka moto i nā kaʻina hana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia; ʻo ia, ke koi ʻia e hoʻohuli i ka nānā i nā wahi like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​wahi spatial (e laʻa ke kākau ʻana i kahi huaʻōlelo a i ʻole ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i kahi kiʻi pena). Hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻāla ʻia ka pā mua, me ka cortotor premotor, i nā hana noʻonoʻo e pono ai ka hana visuospatial.

2. Kaʻike pilikino

Ua hoʻopili nā noiʻi like ʻole i ka pre-wedge me nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai ka lunamanaʻo iā ia iho; I kēia ʻano, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko kēia māhele o ka lolo i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻike o kā mākou iho, i kahi pūnaewele o nā pilina mokuna, kūlohelohe a me ka pilikanaka. ʻO ka pre-wedge ka mea nāna e mālama i ka hana o ka hoʻomau ma waena o ka lolo, ke kino a me ke kaiapuni.

I nā noiʻi ʻana me nā kiʻi hana, ua nānā ʻia ia kālailai ʻia kēia hana lolo a wehewehe i ka "manaʻo" o haʻi me ka mahalo iā mākou iho ; ʻo ia, he hana ia no ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻōlelo hoʻokolokolo a nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e koi ana i ka unuhi kūpono e hiki ai ke hana e like me (e laʻa me ke aloha).

3. Manaʻo ʻike

Ma waho aʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kuleana kūpono i nā kaʻina hana pilikino, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka wedge mua, a me ka cingulate posterex posterior, pili no ka hana a me ka ʻike ʻike i ka ʻike.

Ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻonui nui ka metabolism o ka cerebral glucose i ka wā o ke ala ʻana, i kūʻē i ka mea e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o ka anesthesia. Eia kekahi, i ka hiamoe nalu lohi a me ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o ka maka a i ʻole ka hiamoe REM, e pio ka pre-wedge.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā hana noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kēia wahi o ka lolo ke kōkua i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻike kūloko (mai ka lolo a me ko mākou kino) me ka ʻike kaiapuni a i ʻole waho. no laila, he kuleana nui ka wedge i nā kaʻina hana e ulu ai ka ʻike a me ka noʻonoʻo i ka nui.

4. Hoʻohui kumu

Kākoʻo hou a nui nā aʻo ʻana i ke kuleana o ka wedge mua e like me kahi kikowaena hoʻohui o nā pūnaewele neural o ka lolo, ma muli o ke kikowaena o kona kikowaena i ka pūnaewele cortical o kēia ʻōnaehana a me kona mau pilina lehulehu a ikaika hoʻi me nā wahi o mua e mālama ana i nā hana luna e like me ka hoʻolālā. , ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana.

Pre-wedge i ka maʻi o Alzheimer

ʻO ka maʻi Alzheimer i kona wā mua, hoʻomaka me nā pilikia metabolic i kahi o nā medial parietal lobes. Me he mea lā ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o kēia mau ʻāpana lolo ka mea e hōʻoia ai i kekahi nāwaliwali i ka neurodegeneration o hope e ka poʻe maʻi.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi aia paha he pilina ma waena o ka hāpai keiki a me ka ulu ʻana o kēia maʻi koʻikoʻi.E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ua loli ka mua o ka wedge i loko o ke kanaka ma mua o nā holoholona:

Kohu mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka metabolic output ma mua o ka wedge ma mua o ke kūlike ma muli o kona nui, kahi e kū ai me kāna waiwai waiwela. ʻO ka mea hoʻomākeʻaka ʻo ia ʻo Alzheimer e hoʻomaka me nā pilikia metabolic pololei i loko o ka medial parietal area, kahi i loaʻa ai ka wedge mua. A ʻo kahi ʻano o Alzheimer ʻo ia ka phosporylala o nā protein tau, i kū i nā māmela i hibernate i ka pane i nā loli o ka mahana.

ʻO ka mea a nā neuroscientists e ʻōlelo ai he pathology e like me ka pinepine a me ke ʻano o ke kanaka e like me ka Alzheimer e pili ana i nā wahi o ka lolo i loaʻa kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī pū kekahi i nā kānaka. A ʻo ka mea a lākou e ninaninau nei inā ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka paʻakikī o kēia mau wahi lolo i hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī biological, ʻo ka lua, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka amo metabolic, stress oxidative a me nā pilikia cellular e predispose i kahi kanaka e ʻeha. mai ka maʻi ʻo Alzheimer.

Eia nō naʻe, ke nānā ʻia nei ka loulou kūpono ma waena o ka wedge a me nā hanana like like me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia a me nā maʻi neurodegenerative ʻē aʻe, me ka pahuhopu o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lāʻau hou a me nā pahuhopu therapeutic e hoʻōla ai, i ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻolohi i kā lākou holomua.