Psychiatric Co-morbidities ma ASD: Ke kau nui ʻana ma Schizophrenia

Ua heluhelu hou wau i kahi ʻatikala maikaʻi loa e pili ana i nā nūhou e pili ana i ka psychiatric co-morbidities i nā mākua me ka autism (ASD) a me ka maʻi defact hyperactivity maʻi (ADHD). ʻO ka ʻatikala nūhou e hōʻuluʻulu nei i kahi pepa hou e nā mea noiʻi Norewai i paʻi ʻia ma Biological Psychiatry.

Ua hoʻopaʻa nā kānaka noiʻi i nā moʻohelu o 1.7 miliona mau mākua Norewai – kekahi me ka hōʻoia o ka ASD, kekahi me ADHD, kekahi me ASD a me ADHD, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ASD a me ADHD. ʻO ka pahuhopu e hoʻomaopopo pono i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka psych-psych co-morbidities (co-hanana diagnoses) i nā mākua me ASD, ADHD, a i ʻole ʻelua. I ka mea nui, ua nānā ka poʻe noiʻi i nā diagnose co-morbid e hiki mai ana: nā maʻi pīhoihoi, nā maʻi depressive nui, nā maʻi bipolar, nā maʻi pilikino, schizophrenia, a me nā maʻi hoʻohana lāʻau.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, aia nā maʻi psychiatric co-morbid ma waena o 2-14 mau manawa i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā mākua me ADHD a me / a i ʻole ASD i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mākua me ka ʻike ʻole. ʻO ke kumu o nā maʻi co-morbid ka mea maʻamau i ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hui. ʻO nā maʻi Bipolar, nā maʻi depressive nui, nā maʻi pilikino, a me nā maʻi hoʻohana hoʻohana mea maʻamau i nā mākua me ADHD ma mua o nā mākua me ASD. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa o ka schizophrenia ma mua o nā mākua me ADHD. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mākua me ASD ma kahi o 14 mau manawa ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka schizophrenia ma mua o nā mākua i ka heluna lehulehu (ʻo nā mākua me ADHD ma kahi o 4 mau manawa e loaʻa ka schizophrenia ma mua o nā mākua i ka heluna lehulehu).

Nui koʻu hoihoi i nā mea i loaʻa e pili ana i ka schizophrenia a me ka ASD i hāʻawi ʻia i ka mōʻaukala o nā kūlana ʻelua a me ko mākou ʻike i kēia manawa pehea e hoʻopili ai. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ASD a me schizophrenia i hoʻokahi kūlana, a hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "autism" me schizophrenia a hiki i nā makahiki 1970. ʻO Hindsight mau ka 20/20, no laila maʻalahi e haʻalele i ko mākou mau manaʻo mua e pili ana i kēia overlap no ka mea pili ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, hōʻike nā haʻawina e like me nā mea i luna i kahi kiko nui e pili ana iā ASD a me schizophrenia i ʻike nui ʻia i nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei: ua like kēia mau ʻano ʻelua i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.

Ua mālama ʻia kēia mau mea maʻamau i ka lawena, a me ka noiʻi genetic a me neuroscience.

ʻO ka lawena, kaʻana like nā kūlana ʻelua i nā pilikia me ka launa pū ʻana a me ka pānaʻi like. ʻO nā kānaka me ASD i paʻakikī e komo i nā kamaʻilio pānaʻi ʻana me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia he "pālahalaha" ia, kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka schizophrenia i hōʻike pinepine ʻia.

Ma nā ʻōlelo genetics, aia nā hōʻike no ka heritability ma waena o nā maʻi. Ua loaʻa ʻo R esearch i ka hōʻike e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o nā keiki ma ka ASD inā he makua ko lākou me ka schizophrenia. ʻO ia, kahi hōʻailona o schizophrenia i kahi makua e hoʻonui i ka makaʻu o ASD i nā keiki.

Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi Neuroscience e hōʻike ana nā hui ʻelua i ka hypoactivation o ka prefrontal cortex ke nānā nei i nā helehelena a ke hana nei i ka manaʻo o nā hana noʻonoʻo. Hōʻike kēia i nā mea like ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua i ka hopena o ka lolo i nā stimulus social. He mea hoihoi loa kēia i ka mālamalama o nā ʻike kuʻuna e paʻakikī nā pilina pilikino no kēia mau hui ʻelua.

ʻO ka maʻi, he paʻakikī loa e kuhi i ka schizophrenia ma ASD, a i ʻole ASD i ka schizophrenia. Pono kahi kauka e hana i kahi nīnauele a hoʻāʻo e hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i nā mea i kapa ʻia he maikaʻi ʻole o schizophrenia (withdrawal, pā pālahalaha, hoʻemi ʻia ʻōlelo) mai nā ʻōuli a me ka ASD.

He mea nui kēia ʻano ʻike i nā poʻe ʻōpio me ka ASD e ʻike ʻia ana paha i ka psychosis no ka manawa mua, a me nā mea e pono ai ka lāʻau. Minamina, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻōuli e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻāpana psychotic mua i kekahi poʻe ʻōpio me ASD inā manaʻo nā kauka a me nā mea mālama i nā hōʻailona he ʻāpana ia o ASD. Ua ʻike mākou i kekahi mau hihia e like me kēia i ka haukapila, a hoʻolohi ʻia ka mālama ʻana no ka poʻe ʻōpio makua e ʻike nei i nā hōʻailona mua o ka psychosis ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā hopena lōʻihi.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, maopopo leʻa i nā mea like a me ka hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua ʻaʻole hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia, a ʻaʻole pono e hemo ʻia me he manaʻo lā lā. Aia kahi pono no nā nīnauele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a pololei hoʻi i mea e ʻike pono ai i ka schizophrenia ma ASD, a i ʻole ASD i kēlā mau mea me ka schizophrenia, no ka mea e kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hopena no kēlā me kēia ʻano e noho nei.

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Chisholm, K., Lin, A., & Armando, M. (2016). Nā maʻi maʻi Schizophrenia a me nā maʻi maʻi autism. I nā hōʻailona Psychiatric a me nā Comorbidities i ka Autism Spectrum Disorder (pp. 51-66). ʻO Springer, Cham.

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