No ke aha ʻoe e noʻonoʻo ai e pili ana iā Quantum Neuroscience

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i lohe, keʻokeʻo wela ka ʻepekema Quantum i kēia manawa, me ke kamaʻilio leʻaleʻa o nā kamepiula kiko ʻole ikaika ʻole, kamaʻilio kikoʻī ʻoi loa a me ka palekana cyber paʻa pono ʻole ʻia ma o ka encrypt kuantum.

No ke aha mai ka hype āpau?

Ma ka maʻalahi, hoʻohiki ka ʻepekema Quantum i ka lele ʻana o nā pilikua ma kahi o nā pēpē pēpē a mākou i maʻa ai ma o ka ʻepekema o kēlā me kēia lā. Hāʻawi kahi ʻepekema o kēlā me kēia lā iā mākou i nā kamepiula hou e pālua i ka mana i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka ʻepekema Quantum e hoʻohiki i nā kamepiula me nā mea he nui trillions o nā manawa ʻoi aku ka mana ma mua o ke kamepiula muscular ʻoi loa i loaʻa i kēia lā.

I nā huaʻōlelo ʻepekema Quantum, inā kūleʻa, e hoʻohua i kahi seismic shift o ka ʻenehana e hōʻano hou i ka honua e like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ma nā ʻano ʻoi aku ka hohonu ma mua o ka Pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​kelepona.

Kū aʻe nā mea kupaianaha o ka ʻepekema Quantum mai kahi ʻoiaʻiʻo maʻalahi: ʻo nā phenum kuantum e haki loa i nā lula e kaupalena ana i nā hanana "classical" (maʻamau) i hiki ke hoʻokō.

ʻElua mau laʻana kahi e hiki ai i ka ʻepekema Quantum ke hana i nā mea i hiki ʻole ke hiki koke ʻole, he superposition o ka nui a me ka hoʻopili nui ʻana.

E hoʻokuʻi mua i ka helu nui superposition.

I ka honua maʻamau, hiki wale i kahi mea e like me ka baseball ma kahi hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi manawa. Akā i ka honua kuantum, hiki i kahi huna e like me ka electron ke noho i kahi helu palena ʻole o nā wahi i ka manawa like, ke kū nei i ka mea i kapa ʻia e nā physicists he superposition o nā mokuʻāina he nui. No laila i ka honua quantum, hana kekahi mea i kekahi manawa e like me nā mea like ʻole.

I kēia manawa e nānā i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka nui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike baseball i kahi mamao iki. I ka honua maʻamau ʻelua mau baseball i noho i nā laka ʻeleʻele i nā kahua pāʻani līkiʻi nui ma Los Angeles a me Boston he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi, ʻo ia hoʻi inā ʻoe e wehe i kahi o nā waihona laka e nānā i hoʻokahi kinipōpō hīnaʻi, ʻaʻohe mea i pili i kekahi baseball. i kahi waihona waiho pouli 3,000 mile ka mamao. Akā i ka honua quantum, ʻelua mau mea pākahi, e like me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi hiki hoʻopili ʻia, e like me ka hana wale ʻana o ke kiʻi ʻana i hoʻokahi photon me kahi mea ʻike e hoʻoikaika koke i ka photon ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai kahi mamao, e lawe i kahi mokuʻāina.

ʻO ia ʻano entanglement ʻo ia hoʻi i loko o ke ao nui, hiki i kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa ke hana ma ke ʻano he kino hoʻokahi, no ka mamao loa o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa.

E like kēia me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mokuʻāina o hoʻokahi kinipōpō hīnaʻi — e ʻōlelo ana, e kaohi ana ma luna a ma lalo o ka waihona o kahi waihona waiho-ma ka wehe wale ʻana i kahi waihona waihona he 3,000 mile ka mamao a e nānā pono ana i kahi ʻokoʻa kinipōpō hīnaʻi.

Hana kēia mau ʻano "hiki" i nā entum kuantum kūpono no ka hana ʻana i ka mea hiki ʻole me, no ka laʻana, kamepiula. I nā kamepiula maʻamau kahi ʻikepili i mālama ʻia ma kahi o kahi a i ʻole hoʻokahi, akā i kahi kamepiula kikoʻī kahi wahi i mālama ʻia, i kapa ʻia he Qubit (helu nui), ʻaʻohe a hoʻokahi ma ka manawa like. No laila, kahi o kahi hale hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo maʻalahi o 8 mau bit e hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia helu mai 0 a 255 (2 ^ 8 = 256) hiki i kahi hoʻomanaʻo o 8 Qubits ke mālama iā 2 ^ 8 = 256 helu kaʻawale i ka manawa hoʻokahi! ʻO ka hiki ke mālama exponentially ʻike hou aku no ke aha i hoʻohiki ai nā kamepiula kikoʻī i kahi lele nui i ka mana hana.

Ma kahi laʻana, he hoʻomanaʻo 8 iki i kahi kamepiula kuantum e mālama i nā helu 256 ma waena o 0 a me 255 āpau i ka manawa e hoʻomanaʻo ana kahi 8 memo i kahi kamepiula maʻamau i kahi helu 1 ma waena o 0 a 255 i kēlā me kēia manawa. I kēia manawa e noʻonoʻo i kahi hoʻomanaʻo 24 bit kuantum (2 ^ 24 = 16,777,216) me 3 mau manawa wale nō nā Qubits e like me kā mākou hoʻomanaʻo mua: hiki iā ia ke mālama i kahi nui 16,777,216 helu ʻokoʻa i ka manawa hoʻokahi!

Lawe iā mākou i ke kuʻina o ka ʻepekema Quantum a me ka neurobiology. ʻOi aku ka mana o ka lolo o ke kanaka ma mua o nā kamepiula i loaʻa i kēia lā: hoʻokō ʻia i kekahi o kēia mana weliweli e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka weirdness kuantum e like me ka hana a nā kamepiula nui?

Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, ua pane nui nā physicists i kēlā nīnau he “No.”

ʻO nā phenomena Quantum e like me superposition hilinaʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēlā mau phenomena mai ke kaiapuni e pili ana, ʻo ka wela i ke kaiapuni e hoʻonoho ana i nā mea ʻoniʻoni, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i ka hale nui o nā kāleka hyper-delicate o nā kāleka o superposition a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī e noho i kēlā me kēia kiko A a i ʻole ke kiko B. , akā ʻaʻole loa lāua ʻelua i ka manawa like.

No laila, ke hoʻopaʻa ʻepekema i nā phenum phenum hele lākou i kahi lōʻihi loa e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea a lākou e aʻo ai mai nā wahi e puni ana, ma ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka mahana i kā lākou mau hoʻokolohua a aneane pau ʻole.

Akā ke piʻi nei nā hōʻike mai ka honua o ka physiology mea kanu e pili ana kekahi mau hanana olaola e hilinaʻi ana i ka superposition o ka nui i nā mahana maʻamau, e hāpai ana i ka hiki i kahi honua ʻano ʻē o nā mekanika kuantum ke komo i loko o ka hana o nā ʻōnaehana biolo like ʻole, e like me kā mākou ʻōnaehana mānoanoa.

ʻO kahi laʻana, i Mei 2018 kahi kime noiʻi ma ke Kulanui ʻo Groningen i komo pū me ka physicist ʻo Thomas la Cour Jansen i loaʻa ka hōʻike e loaʻa ana i nā mea kanu a me kekahi mau bacteria bacteria photosynthetic i aneane 100% ka hopena e hoʻohuli i ka lā i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ikehu e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka lawe ʻana o ka ikehu lā i kekahi mau electron i ke ola nei nā mole mole i ka manawa like i loko o nā mokuʻāina hauʻoli a me ka ʻole pīhoihoi i pāhola ʻia i nā wahi lōʻihi o loko o ka mea kanu, e ʻae ana i nā uila uila e ʻimi i ke ala kūpono loa mai nā mole i lawe ʻia ai ka mālamalama i nā mole ʻokoʻa kahi e hoʻohana ai ka ikehu. no ka mea, ua hana ʻia ka mea kanu.

ʻO Evolution, i kāna huakaʻi nui ʻole e enekinia i nā ʻano ola ʻoi loa o ka ikehu, ʻike ʻia ua nānā ʻole i ka manaʻo o nā physicists ʻaʻole hiki i nā hopena kuantum pono ke hana i nā wahi mehana a me nā wai o ka biology.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena o ka nui i ka biology mea kanu i hāpai i kahi kahua ʻepekema hou loa i kapa ʻia he biology kuantum. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hōʻike nā biologists kuantum i ka hōʻike o ka nui o nā pono mechanical i ka ʻike kahua mākau ma nā maka o kekahi manu (hiki i nā manu ke hoʻokele i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana), a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā mea loaʻa ʻala i nā kānaka. Ua ʻike pū kekahi nā kānaka noiʻi hihiʻo e hiki i nā photoreceptors i ka retina kanaka ke hana i nā hōʻailona uila mai ka hopu ʻana i hoʻokahi quanta o ka ikehu māmā.

Ua hana ka evolution i ko mākou lolo i hyper-efficence i ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu hoʻohana a i ʻole ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike ma waena o nā neurons e hoʻohana ana i nā hopena o ka nui e like me superposition a me entanglement?

Ke hoʻomaka nei nā Neuros Scientists e noiʻi i kēia hiki, akā no ka mea hauʻoli wau i ka māhuahua o ka nui neuroscience no ka mea hiki ke alakaʻi i nā breakthrough drop-jaw i ko mākou ʻike i ka lolo.

ʻ saylelo wau i kēia no ka mea aʻo mai ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻepekema iā mākou i nā breakthroughs nui loa kokoke loa mai nā manaʻo, ma mua o kahi breakthrough i kū ai, kani ʻano ʻē. ʻIke ʻo Einstein he mea like ka hakahaka a me ka manawa (ka hilinaʻi laulā) kahi laʻana, ka ʻike ʻana a Darwin i ulu nā kānaka mai nā ʻano kumu like ʻole o ka wā, ʻo ia kekahi. A no ka mea, ʻo Planck, Einstein a me Bohr ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mīkini mīkini i ka mea mua, ʻo ia kekahi.

Hōʻike kēia mau mea āpau i nā manaʻo ma hope o ka pāʻani o ka lā ʻapōpō e hoʻololi nei i ka holomua i ke neuroscience, i kēia lā e like me ka hapa nui o ka poʻe he unorthodox a hiki ʻole ke hiki.

I kēia manawa, no ka mea he ʻano ʻē ka biology o ka lolo i kahi ʻano ʻē a ʻaʻole hiki ʻole ke hiki ʻole ke lilo i kumu no ka lele nui i mua i ka neuroscience. Akā he kīkaʻu kaʻu e ʻike hohonu ai i nā hopena o ka nui i nā ʻōnaehana ola e hāʻawi i nā ʻike hou e pili ana i kā mākou lolo a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, inā ʻaʻohe kumu ʻē aʻe, e lawe ana i kahi kiko o ka manaʻo e hoʻonāukiuki i nā neuros Scientists no nā pane i nā ʻano ʻē a nā wahi kupaianaha a lākou i noʻonoʻo ʻole ai e hoʻokolokolo ma mua.

A i ka nānā ʻana o nā mea noiʻi i kēlā mau hanana ʻano ʻē a kupaianaha paha, kēlā mau phenomena, e like paha me ko lākou mau hoahānau i loko o ka physics particle, e nānā iā lākou!