No ke aha ʻoe i maʻalahi ai ma mua o ka hapanui o ka poʻe

Manaʻo ʻoe ua ʻoi aku kou maʻalahi i ka ʻeha ma mua o ka hapa nui o ka poʻe? E pane ʻoe i nā mea hōʻeuʻeu ʻeha ʻoi aku ka hohonu a me ka ikaika ma mua o ka hapa nui o haʻi? Kupaianaha ʻole, ke kumu o kēia hanana sensory i hoʻokumu ʻia i kāu DNA. Akā ʻaʻole ma ke ala āu e manaʻo ai. E manaʻoʻiʻo paha ʻaʻole paha, ʻo ke kumu o kēia ʻike ʻia o ka ʻehaʻeha kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pākēneka liʻiliʻi o nā kānaka o kēia au i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa kikoʻī i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Neanderthals.

Pololei kēlā, Neanderthals. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia no kekahi manawa ua hui ka poʻe me Neanderthals ma mua o ko mākou hoʻokele ʻana i ko mākou hoahānau aloha, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa i ka make ma muli o ka ikaika o Homo sapiens a me ka hoʻokūkū. Eia nō naʻe, aia nō ʻo Homo neanderthalensis i kā mākou genome "kanaka". Wahi a kahi hōʻike i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻEpekema , e like me 2.6% o ka DNA i nā kānaka ola i hoʻoilina ʻia mai Neanderthals (ʻEpekema, Nowemapa, 2017).

Eia kekahi, kahi noiʻi hou loa i ʻO Biology (Kepakemapa, 2020) hōʻike i ka 0.4% o ka heluna kanaka i kahi neanderthal gene variant e hoʻonui i ka impulse conduction nerve a me ka hanauna i nā ala ʻeha ākea, no laila ke alakaʻi ʻia nei i ka ʻehaʻeha o ka ʻeha a me nā ʻehaʻeha ʻoi aku i loko o kēia hui liʻiliʻi o ka lehulehu. I nā huaʻōlelo maʻamau, eia ke ʻano he 31.2 miliona o nā kānaka he 7.8 biliona i kēia manawa - hoʻokahi i 250 - ʻike i ka ʻeha ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hapa nui o ka poʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike a ʻike i nā nui a me nā nuances o ka ʻeha e like me ka sommelier hiki ke ʻike i ka paʻakikī, nā papa, a me nā mea o kēlā me kēia i ka waina maikaʻi.

No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike ʻoi aku o kēia noiʻi, he mea kōkua ke ʻike iki e pili ana i ka ʻeha ʻeha, a pehea e hana ai nā aʻa sensory a pane i nā stimulus noxious. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ka ʻōlelo loea no ka ʻike ʻeha ka nocicept. ʻO kēia ka ʻike ʻike o ka hōʻeha hōʻeha a hōʻeha paha. He aha hou aʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā mea hōʻeuʻeu hōʻeuʻeu ʻeha: mehana (wela a me ke anuanu), mīkini (kaomi a me ka ʻūlū ʻana), a me nā kemika (nā mea make a me nā mea make).

Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau hopena nerve i hoʻopili like ʻia i kapa ʻia ʻo nā nociceptors e ʻike a pane i kēia mau mea hōʻeuʻeu weliweli ma o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona electrochemical ma nā aʻa nerve i ka lolo ma ke ala o ka iwi kuamoʻo. Hana ʻia kēia mau olonā nerve e nā hunaola kūikawā i ulu i ka hiki ke loaʻa, ʻike, synthesize, hoʻohui, a pane i nā ʻano stimulus ma o ka hoʻouna ʻana i kā lākou mau hōʻailona ponoʻī i nā pahuhopu kikoʻī ma loko o ke kino. Kuhi ʻia kēia me ke kī ʻana o ke aʻalolo a hoʻolaha paha i kāna hōʻailona i nā hunaola ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa e like me nā mākala, nā gland, ka ʻōnaehana vascular, a me nā ʻōpū.

Ma kahi pae mole molekiʻi, hiki nō kēia no ka mea, ke hoʻohana ʻia, hiki i nā hunaola nerve (a i ʻole nā ​​neurona ke kuhikuhi nei i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoʻo) i nā ion i uku ʻia me ka uila ma waena o kā lākou membrane ma o nā kahawai molekoli i kapa ʻia ʻo ionophores (ʻoiaʻiʻo "ion ion"). Ke hoʻololi wikiwiki ka membrane nerve i nā ion ioka extracellular (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka sodium e holoi ana i ke kele) me kāna potassium intracellular (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka potassium i paʻa ʻia i loko o ke kele) nā hopena ia i kahi nalu electrochemical e hoʻolaha ma nā papahana o ke aʻalolo (maʻa mau ʻia he axons) e like me ka uila e hele ana ma ka uea. Ke hōʻea kēia neʻuna nerve i kāna mau pahuhopu, hoʻonāukiuki ia i kahi hanana o nā hanana i hopena i kahi hopena a / a i ʻole kahi ʻike ʻike.

E pili ana i ka noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, ʻike ʻia he poʻe nociceptors ka poʻe me ka neander Nealthal me kā lākou mau ionophores i mākaukau e wehe i ka mokuʻāina. No laila, ʻo nā mea hoʻonāukiuki liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻāla i nā hōʻailona nerve i nā poʻe i hoʻoilina i ka ʻohana e pili ana i ka poʻe me ka ʻole o ia. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo kēia ka manaʻo o ka poʻe me ka ʻaoʻao Neanderthal e hoʻomaka i ka ʻeha. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ka ʻehaʻeha a me ke kaumaha psychic e hoʻopili ʻia e nā wahi lolo like e hoʻomalu ai i ke ola kino ʻole. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe ʻikepili (akā) e pili ana i ka neanderthal nociceptive gen e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻeha o ka naʻau, malia paha e hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana i ka pilina.

Hoʻomanaʻo: E noʻonoʻo pono, hana maikaʻi, Manaʻo maikaʻi, Aloha!

Kuleana kope 2020 Clifford N. Lazarus, Ph.D. ʻO kēia pou no ka ʻike wale nō. ʻAʻole ia e lilo i mea pani no ke kōkua mai kahi ʻoihana olakino kūpono. ʻAʻole hōʻike pono nā hoʻolaha ma kēia wahi i koʻu mau manaʻo a ʻae ʻole ʻia e aʻu.