Wooing me ke mele a me ka moena no ke ola

No ke aloha a kanaka ʻelua, pono lāua e kamaʻilio. "Hoʻomaka ke aloha i nā maka a me nā pepeiao. Aloha mākou ma o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ”i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea loea ʻepekema ʻo Sarah Woolley o Zuckerman Institute o ke Kulanui o Columbia.

ʻAʻole aʻo ʻo Woolley i ke aloha i waena o nā kānaka, akā hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i ka moʻo ʻana i kahi hoahānau mamao - ka zebra finch. Hana kēia mau finches Australia i kumu hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā mea e hana nei i ka lolo i ka wā e aʻo leo ana. E like me ke kanaka e aʻo i ka ʻōlelo i kakahiaka nui, pono i nā manu mele e aʻo i kā lākou mele ke ʻōpio. Hoihoi nō hoʻi nā ola aloha o nā finches. E like me ka ʻaneʻane o kēlā me kēia laha o ke ʻano songbird, hīmeni wale nā ​​kāne. Hana ʻia kēlā mele e kahi ʻāpana kūikawā o ka lolo ʻaʻohe o nā wahine. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā kāne ʻelua nā ʻōnaehana loiloi loea, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā kikoʻī o ke mele - ke kāne i hiki iā ia ke hana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia, ka wahine i hiki iā ia ke hoʻokolokolo.

ʻO nā kikoʻī o ke mele he mea e haʻi mai iā mākou e pili ana i ka hana o ke kamaʻilio ʻana i ke aloha. Ua noi wau iā Woolley e hele iaʻu ma waena o ka mea e hana ʻia no kāna ʻelua mau manuahi e pau pū.

ʻAnuʻu Hoʻokahi: E aʻo i kāu mele

Pono ke mele mele kāne kāne ʻōpio i kumu aʻo, ʻo ka maʻamau ʻo kona makuakāne. "Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia i ke mele a ke kumu aʻo a pēlā pū me kona mau kaikaina, akā hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻololi ʻo ia i ke mele," wahi a Woolley. "ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopuka i kahi kope pololei o ka mele a kona makuakāne. I kēlā ala, ʻokoʻa nā kaikaina mai kekahi i kekahi a ʻokoʻa lākou mai ko lākou makuakāne. He mele kūʻokoʻa kā kēlā me kēia kāne a ka hui holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ai iā ia. A laila hīmeni lākou i ka mele like i ko lākou ola a pau. ”

ʻAʻole kēia kahi hana liʻiliʻi. "Loaʻa iā lākou kahi leo leo i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, ka syrinx. He lolo kupaianaha kou e hoʻokele, ”wahi a Woolley. "Hiki iā lākou ke hana i ʻelua mau leo ​​ʻokoʻa loa i nā manawa like mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka syrinx. ʻO ia ke kumu kupaianaha o kā lākou mele. ”

Aia kekahi lā palena pau. "Ua oʻo lākou i ka moekolohe ma 90 mau lā a ʻo kekahi mea i ka lolo e pani i ka hiki ke aʻo i ke mele. ʻO kēia puka aniani wale nō ia i ka manawa a lākou e hiki ai ke aʻo. Kāhea mākou iā ia he wā hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi, "wahi a Woolley. ʻO kahi kāne i hānai ʻia me ke aʻo ʻole ʻia e mele maikaʻi. "Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka mea a mākou e kapa nei he mele kaʻawale, kahi mele i ilihune loa. ʻAʻohe wahine e launa me ia. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ua hewa kekahi mea i kāna hānai ʻana. ”

Ka Papa ʻElua: E hīmeni i kou puʻuwai

"ʻO ke mele he ʻano hoʻopapa," wahi a Woolley. "ʻO nā hana nui ʻelua o ke mele ma songbirds ke ʻumeʻume nei i nā wahine a me ka pale ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina a me nā kumuwaiwai." Akā pili kaiaulu nā zebra a noho pū i nā kolone, no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou e pale i ka ʻāina. Haʻalele hou ka manawa no ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i nā wahine me ke mele, wahi a Woolley. "A e hula iki ʻo ia."

Ka Papa ʻEkolu: E hoʻolohe i ka paʻakikī.

Hoʻolohe nā wahine i ka loli i nā mele kāne. ʻEhā ʻāpana o nā zebra finches i kā lākou mele, a ʻo kekahi he ʻehiku. "Makemake ka wahine i ke mele me nā ʻāpana ʻehiku. Makemake ʻo ia i kahi mele paʻakikī, "wahi a Woolley. "Kuhi mākou no ka mea ʻo nā kāne o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ke mele i nā mele ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. He hōʻailona ia o ka maikaʻi o ka hana o kona lolo. Hoʻokumu kahi manu me nā ʻāpana ʻehiku i kahi mele ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī no ka mea hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ʻehiku mau leo ​​acoustically maopopo. ʻO ka manu me nā ʻāpana ʻehā ke hana wale nei i nā leo ʻehā. ” He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i nā manu mele ʻē aʻe me nā repertoires nui aku. ʻO nā peʻapeʻa kāne kāne, no ka laʻana, mai kahi ʻewalu a 16 mau ʻano mele i kā lākou repertoires. ʻO nā mea hana nui nui e kiʻi mau i ke kaikamahine.

KaʻAnuʻu ʻEhā: koho maikaʻi.

E hoʻokolokolo nā kāne e pili ana i kekahi; ʻo nā wahine ka wahine moekolohe. Loiloi lākou i ka maikaʻi o ke mele a nā kāne a nui nā mea i kau ʻia. "E like me nā kānaka, akā ʻaʻole like me ka nui o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, hānai nā mākua mele mele ʻelua i nā pēpē, kūkulu nā mākua ʻelua i ka pūnana, hoʻoulu i nā hua, hānai i nā pēpē, aʻo i nā pēpē," wahi a Woolley. A ʻo ka hapa nui o nā songbirds e hui pū no ke ola, ʻo ia ka maʻamau he ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha makahiki. I ka honua melebird, haʻi lākou i ka make wale nō ka haʻalele ʻana.

Ke ʻimi nei ka wahine i kāna hoa maikaʻi, akā no kekahi kumu aʻo maikaʻi no kāna mau keikikāne kāna. "Hoʻokele ʻia ka wahine e ke koho kūlohelohe e kūleʻa pono kāna keiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna kāne a hānau hou," wahi a Woolley. "Koho ʻo ia i kahi kāne nāna e aʻo i kāna keiki i nā mele ʻehiku.Hoʻopili ʻia ka pololei o ke aʻo mele ʻana me nā mākau ʻike ʻē aʻe i kēia mau manu. Ma muli o ka pili o ke kāne a kaʻana like i ke kuleana o ka hānai ʻana i ka ʻohana 50-50, ke koho nei ʻo ia i kāne ʻaʻole wale no nā genes akā no ka hiki ke loaʻa nā kumuwaiwai, e kūkulu i ka pūnana, e pale ai i ka pūnana.

ʻAnuʻu ʻelima: E hoʻomau i ke mele ʻana, a ola hauʻoli mau loa ma hope

No nā kānaka a me nā manu mele, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ke aloha i nā maka a me nā pepeiao (a me ka ʻōnaehana olfactory, no nā kānaka); noho ia ma laila. Ke hoʻomau nei ka kamaʻilio ʻana i mea nui. "Hoʻohui paʻa, ʻo ia ka mea a mākou e kapa aku ai iā ia i loko o nā songbirds a hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea iā ia i loko o ke kanaka, ma o ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana o ka paʻa ma o ke kamaʻilio ʻana," wahi a Woolley. "He aha ka mea e lawe ai i ka kamaʻilio i loko o kou lolo i kou ʻike a me nā ʻāpana o ka hana ʻana o kou lolo i kēlā ʻikepili nā wahi sensory. E ko mākou moʻolelo ola, ko mākou ʻano moʻokalaleo, ko mākou ʻike mua, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko mākou lolo no nā hōʻailona kamaʻilio e hoʻohana ai mākou e launa pū me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. He koʻikoʻi ia. ”

ʻAkaʻaka ʻo Woolley. "Hiki iaʻu ke hōʻike i ka ʻepekema i nā manu. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hōʻike i ka poʻe. ”

Kuleana kope: Lydia Denworth, 2018.