Richard Lewontin: Kawaihae o kēia Biologist

Anter

• ʻO Lewontin kekahi o nā biologist evolutionary loiloi loa, he paio ikaika o ka hoʻoholo genetine.
• ʻO Richard Lewontin Biography
• Nā makahiki mua a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa
• ʻOihana ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi
• ʻIke i ka Biology Evolutionary
• ʻO Agribusiness

ʻO Lewontin kekahi o nā biologist evolutionary loiloi loa, he paio ikaika o ka hoʻoholo genetine.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Richard Lewontin i loko o kāna māla, biology evolution, ma ke ʻano he controversial character. He paio kūpaʻa ʻo ia o ka genetin determinism, akā ʻo ia nō kekahi o nā genekistist nui o ka hapa lua o ka 20 kenekulia.

He makemakika nō hoʻi ia a me kahi meaola biology evolution, a ua hoʻokumu i nā kumu no ke aʻo ʻana i nā genetics o ka heluna kanaka, a ʻo kahi paionia hoʻi i ka noi ʻana i nā ʻano hanaolaolaola molekiola. E ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia mea noiʻi ma o a moʻolelo pōkole o Richard Lewontin.

ʻO Richard Lewontin Biography

Ma hope e ʻike mākou i kahi hōʻuluʻulu o ke ola o Richard Lewontin, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ke aʻo ʻana i nā genetics heluna kanaka a me ka hoʻohewa ʻana i nā manaʻo Darwinian kuʻuna.

Nā makahiki mua a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Richard Charles 'Dick' Lewontin ma ka lā 29 Malaki 1929 ma New York i loko o kahi ʻohana o nā malihini Iudaio.

Ua hele ʻo ia i ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Forest Hills a me ka École Libre des Hautes Études ma New York a ma 1951 i puka mai ke Kulanui ʻo Harvard, e loaʻa ana kāna kekelē i ka biology. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, loaʻa iā ia kahi Master of Statistics, a ukali ʻia e ka doctorate i ka zoology i ka makahiki 1945.

ʻOihana ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi

Lewontin ua hana ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā genetics heluna kanaka. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia no kekahi o nā poʻe mua e hana i kahi simulate kamepiula o ke ʻano locus o kahi moʻokūʻauhau a pehea e hoʻoilina ai ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna.

Me Ken-Ichi Kojima i ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i kumu mua nui i ka moʻolelo o ka biology. hana i nā kaulike i wehewehe i nā loli i nā alapine haplotype i nā pōʻaiapili o ke koho kūlohelohe. I ka 1966, pū me Jack Hubby, ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻepekema he kipi maoli ia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā genetics o ka heluna kanaka. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā genes o ka Drosophila pseudoobscura lele, ua ʻike lākou ma ka awelika aia he 15% manawa he heterozygous ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hui pū ʻia lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi alele no ka ʻāpana like.

Ua aʻo pū kekahi ʻo ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka heluna kanaka. I ka makahiki 1972 ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi ʻatikala kahi ua hōʻike ʻia ka hapanui o ka loli ʻano, kokoke i 85%, loaʻa i nā hui kūloko, ʻoiai nā ʻokoʻa i manaʻo ʻia i ka manaʻo kuʻuna o ka lāhui ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike ma mua o 15% o ka moʻokūʻauhau i nā ʻano kanaka. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻaneʻane kūʻē nui ai ʻo Lewontin i kekahi wehewehe kūʻauhau e hōʻoia i ka ʻokoʻa o ka lāhui, ka pilikanaka, a me ka moʻomeheu kahi huahana ʻoʻoleʻa o ka hoʻoholo paʻa.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia ʻōlelo a ua hōʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka 2003 AWF Edwards, he British geneticist a me evolutionist, i kūhewa i nā ʻōlelo a Lewontin, e ʻōlelo ana ʻo ka lāhui, no ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a ʻoi paha ka maikaʻi, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he kūkulu ʻauhau kūpono.

ʻIke i ka Biology Evolutionary

Kaulana ko Richard Lewontin manaʻo ma nā genetics no kāna mau mea hoʻohewa e pili ana i nā biologists evolution. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa kanaono, ua hōʻike ʻo EO Wilson, he mea olaola ʻAmelika i nā wehewehe evolutionary o ka nohona kanaka i loko o kāna puke ʻO Sociobiology . Ua hoʻomau ʻo Lewontin i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui me nā sociobiologists a me nā psychologists evolution, e like me Wilson a me Richard Dawkins, ka mea i noi e wehewehe i ka lawena holoholona a me nā ʻano nohona kaiāulu e pili ana i ka pono adaptive.

Wahi a kēia mau kānaka noiʻi, e mālama ʻia ka nohona kaiāulu inā pili ia i kekahi ʻano keu pono i loko o ka hui. ʻAʻole ʻo Lewontin i makemake i kēia ʻōlelo, a ma kekahi mau ʻatikala a me kekahi o kāna mau hana kaulana loa ʻAʻole ia i nā Genes ua hoʻohewa i nā hemahema theoretical o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻano.

I ka pane ʻana i kēia mau ʻōlelo, ua hāpai ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o "lean." Ma loko o ka biology evolution, he wīwī ke ʻano o nā meaola i kū ma ke ʻano he hopena kūpono i hiki i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, adaptive paha ʻaʻole paha, hiki ke hana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ikaika a i ʻole ola iā ia kaiapuni. i kahi i noho ai, ʻo ia, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili i kēia ʻano o nā ʻano.

I loko o ʻOhana a me ke Kaiāulu , Lewontin loiloi i ka manaʻo Darwinian kuʻuna e ʻike wale nā ​​meaola i nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni. No Richard Lewontin, hiki i nā meaola ke hoʻohuli i ko lākou wahi iho, e hana nei ma ke ʻano he mea kūkulu hale. ʻAʻole i hana mua ʻia nā niches Ecological a ʻaʻohe hoʻi he mau ipu hakahaka i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā ʻano ola e like me kēlā. Wehewehe ʻia kēia mau niches a hana ʻia e nā ʻano ola e noho ana iā lākou.

I ka nānā adaptationist loa o ka evolution, ʻike ʻia ke kaiapuni he mea kūʻokoʻa a kūʻokoʻa i ka meaola, me ka ʻole o ka hopena e hoʻohuli a kuhi paha i ka mea mua. Ma kahi, Kūkākūkā ʻo Lewontin, mai kahi kuanaʻike i kūkulu aʻe, e mālama ka meaola a me ke kaiapuni i kahi pilina dialectical, kahi e hoʻohuli ai i kekahi i kekahi a loli i ka manawa like. Ma nā hanauna a pau, hoʻololi ke kaiapuni a loaʻa i nā kanaka ʻelua nā anatomical a me nā loli behavioral.

ʻO Agribusiness

Ua kākau ʻo Richard Lewontin e pili ana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o "agribusiness", i unuhi ʻia i ka agribusiness a i ʻole ka ʻoihana mahiʻai. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hua hybrid a ʻaʻole hoʻolaha ʻia no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka kulina kuʻuna, akā no ka mea ua ʻae ʻo ia i nā ʻoihana i ka ʻāpana mahiʻai e koi i nā mea mahiʻai e kūʻai i nā hua hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o ke kanu ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻano ola. .

Ua alakaʻi kēia iā ia e hōʻike i kahi hoʻokolokolo ma Kaleponi, e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻololi i ka waihona kālā kālā no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hua i hoʻohua nui aʻe, e noʻonoʻo ana he hoihoi nui kēia i nā ʻoihana a me kahi mea e hōʻino ai i ka mahiʻai mahi ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.